不规则动词过去式和过去分词(带音标)
一 . ( 过去式与过去分词完全不同 )
be(am/is/are) was/were been [bi:n] 是
break [breik] broke [brəuk] broken ['brəukən] 打碎
beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn] 击打 begin [bi'gɪn] began [bi'ɡæn] begun [bi'ɡʌn] 开始
bite [bait] bit [bit] bitten/bit ['bitən] [bit] 咬
blow [bləu] blew [blu:] blown [bləun] 风吹
choose [tʃu:z] chose [tʃəuz] chosen ['tʃəuzən] 选择
can [kæn] could [kud] 能
do [du:] did [did] done [dʌn] 做
drink [driŋk] drank [dræŋk] drunk [drʌŋk] 喝酒
drive [draiv] drove [drəuv] driven [drivən] 驾驶
draw [drɔ:] drew [dru:] drawn [drɔ:n] 画,绘图 eat [i:t] ate [et,eit] eaten ['i:tən] 吃
fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown [fləun] 飞
forget [fə'ɡet] forgot [fə'ɡɔt] forgotten [fə'ɡɔtn] 忘记
fall [fɔ:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fɔ:lən] 落下;跌倒 freeze [fri:z] froze [frəuz] frozen ['frəuzn] 结冰
forbid[fə'bid] forbade/forbad [fə'beid][fə'bæd] forbidden[fə'bidən] 禁止 forgive[fə'ɡiv] forgave [fə'ɡeiv] forgiven [fə'givn] 原谅
go [ɡəu] went [went] gone [ɡɔn] 去
get[ɡet] got [ɡɔt] gotten ['ɡɔtən] 得到
give [ɡiv] gave [ɡeiv] given ['ɡivən] 给予
grow [ɡrəu] grew [ɡru:] grown [ɡrəun] 生长
hide [haid] hid [hid] hidden ['hidən] 隐藏,躲藏 know [nəu] knew [nju:, nu:] known [nəun] 知道
lie [lai] lay [lei] lain[lein] 躺
may [mei] might [mait] 可以
mistake[mi'steik] mistook [mi'stuk] mistaken [mi'steikən] 错误
ring [riŋ] rang [ræŋ] rung [rʌŋ] 打电话 rise [raiz, rais] rose [rəuz] risen ['rizən] 升高
ride [raid] rode [rəud] ridden ['ridən] 骑
speak [spi:k] spoke [spəuk] spoken ['spəukən] 说
shall [ʃæl] should [ʃud] 将
swim [swim] swam [swæm] swum [swʌm] 游泳
sing [siŋ] sang [sæŋ] sung [sʌŋ] 唱歌
sink [siŋk] sank ['sæŋk] sunk [sʌŋk] 下沉
sew [səu] sewed [səu] sewn/sewed [səun] 缝合
steal [sti:l] stole [stəul] stolen ['stəulən] 偷窃
see [si:] saw [sɔ:] seen [si:n] 看见;理解
shake [ʃeik] shook [ʃuk] shaken ['ʃeikən] 摇动
take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikn, 'teikən] 拿,带
tear [tiə] tore [tɔ:] torn [tɔ:n] 撕裂
throw [θrəu] threw[θru:] thrown [θrəun] 投/扔
will [wil, wel] would [wud] 将
wear [wεə] wore [wɔ:] worn [wɔ:n] 穿着
write [rait] wrote [rəut] written ['ritən] 写
wake [weik] woke [wəuk] woken ['wəukən] 唤醒
二 . (过去式与过去分词完全相同)
buy [bai] bought [bɔ:t] bought [bɔ:t] 买
bring [briŋ] brought [brɔ:t] brought [brɔ:t] 拿来
build [bild] built [bilt] built [bilt] 建造
burn[bə:n] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] 燃烧
baby-sit['beibi,sit] baby-sat ['beibi,sæt] baby-sat ['beibi,sæt] 临时照顾 catch [kætʃ] caught [kɔ:t] caught [kɔ:t] 捕捉
dream [dri:m] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] 做梦 deal [di:l] dealt [delt] dealt [delt] 分配
dig [diɡ] dug [dʌɡ] dug [dʌɡ] 挖
feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] 喂
feel ['fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] 触摸 fight [fait] fought[fɔ:t] fought [fɔ:t] 作战
find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] 找出
hang ['hæŋ] hung/hanged[hʌŋ][hæŋd] hung/hanged [hʌŋ][hæŋd] 挂/绞死 have/has[hæv] [hæz] had [hæd] had [hæd] 有
hear [hiə] heard [hə:d] heard [hə:d] 听到
hold [həuld] held [held] held [held] 拿住
hang ['hæŋ] hung [hʌŋ] hung [hʌŋ] 吊,挂
keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] 保持
lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] 引导
learn [lə:n] learnt/learned [lə:nt] ['lə:nid] learnt /learned 学习
leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] 离开
lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] 借贷
light ['lait] lit/lighted [lit] [laitid] lit/lighted 点着
lose [lu:z] lost [lɔst] lost [lɔst] 遗失
lay [lei] laid [leid] laid [leid] 置放
make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] 制作
mean[mi:n] meant [ment] meant[ment] 表…意思
meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] 遇到
misunderstand [,misʌndə'stænd] misunderstood misunderstood 误会
pay [pei] paid [peid] paid [peid] 支付
prove [pru:v] proved proved/proven ['pru:vən] 证明
rebuild[,ri:'bild] rebuilt [ri:'bilt] rebuilt [ri:'bilt] 改建
retell [,ri:'tel] retold [,ri:'təuld] retold [,ri:'təuld] 复述
rid [rid] rid/ridded [rid] rid/ridded [rid] 免除
say [sei] said [sed] said[sed] 说
send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] 送/寄
spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] 花费
smell [smel] smelt[smelt] smelt[smelt] 发出气味
sleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept[slept] 睡
sweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept[swept] 打扫
sit [sit] sat [sæt] sat [sæt] 坐
shoot [ʃu:t] shot [ʃɔt] shot [ʃɔt] 射击
stand [stænd] stood [stud] stood [stud] 站立
shine [ʃain] shone [ʃəun] shone [ʃəun] 发光
shine [ʃain] shined [ʃain] shined [ʃain] 擦亮
shoot [ʃu:t] shot [ʃɔt] shot [ʃɔt] 放(炮)
show [ʃəu] showed[ʃəud] showed/shown ['ʃəun] 显露
sow [səu] sowed [səud] sown/sowed [səun] 种植
spell [spel] spelt/spelled [spelt] spelt/spelled[speld] 拼写
spit [spit] spat/spit [spæt] spat/spit [spit] 吐出 spring [spriŋ] sprang/sprung[spræŋ] sprung [sprʌŋ] 跳跃
saw [sɔ:] sawed [sɔd] sawed/sawn ['sɔ:n] 锯
seek [si:k] sought [sɔ:t] sought [sɔ:t] 寻觅
sell [sel] sold[səuld] sold[səuld] 卖
think [θiŋk] thought [θɔ:t] thought [θɔ:t] 思考 tell [tel] told [təuld] told [təuld] 告诉 teach [ti:tʃ] taught [tɔ:t] taught [tɔ:t] 教
understand[,ʌndə'stænd] understood [,ʌndə'stud] understood 了解
win [win] won[wʌn] won[wʌn] 获胜 wet [wet] wet/wetted[wetd] wet/wetted[wet] 淋湿
三. (原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同)
bend [bend] bent [bend] bent [bend] 使弯曲
bet [bet] bet [bet] bet [bet] 赌
cast [kæst] cast [kæst] cast [kæst] 抛
cost [kɔst] cost [kɔst] cost [kɔst] 花费,费用 cut [kʌt] cut [kʌt] cut[kʌt] 割
hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] 打
hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] 受伤
let [let] let [let] let [let] 让
lie [lai] lied [lai] lied [lai] 说谎
put [put] put [put] put [put] 放置
quit [kwit] quit/quitted [kwit] quit/quitted [kwit] 放弃
read[ri:d] read [ri:d] read [ri:d] 读
set [set] set [set] set [set] 安置
shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] 关闭
四.(原型与过去分词相同)
become [bi'kʌm] became[bi'keim] become [bi'kʌm] 变成
come[kʌm] came[keim] come[kʌm] 来
run [rʌn] ran [ræn] run[rʌn] 跑
不规则动词过去式和过去分词巧记方法
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如: cut----cut----cut、 hit----hit----hit 、put----put----put、 cost----cost----cost、 let---let---let、 shut----shut----shut、 set----set----set、 hurt-----hurt----hurt、spread-----spread-----spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是
[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:
come------came------come、become-----became------become、 run------ran-----run、overcome-----overcame-----overcome
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:
1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:
lend-----lent-----lent, spend-----spent-----spent, send-----sent-----sent
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如:
sit----sat----sat, win----won----won, shine-----shone----shone, hold-----held-----held
3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:
keep-----kept-----kept, sleep-----slept-----slept, sweep-----swept----swept
4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:
buy----bought-----bought, fight-----fought-----fought, think-----thought-----thought, bring-----brought-----brought, teach-----taught-----taught, catch-----caught-----caught
5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:
say----said----said, lay-----laid-----laid, pay-----paid-----paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:
have----had----had, learn----learnt----learnt, leave----left----left, lose----lost-----lost, make----made-----made, meet-----met-----met, feel-----felt-----felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如: sink --- sank---- sunk
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:
blow----blew-----blown draw-----drew-----drawn grow-----grew----grown, throw----threw-----thrown know----knew----known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:
rise-----rose----risen give-----gave----given take----took----taken fall----fell----fallen drive----drove----driven eat----ate----eaten
特殊:write----wrote-----written speak-----spoke-----spoken ride-----rode----ridden get----got-----gotten