英文介绍灵谷寺
Linggu Temple (11分30秒)
一.景点概况(1分钟)
3、“国民革命阵亡将士公墓”的由来 1、灵谷寺的历史沿革 2、御赐“天下第一禅林”
1. We have arrived at the Linggu Temple Scenic Area located on the eastern suburb of Nanjing.In the Liang Dynasty,an eminent monk Baozhi passed away,Emperor Wudi buried him at the site of the present Ming Tomb and built Kaishan Shed which was later named as Jiangshan Temple.
2. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty,Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang chose this place to build his tomb,thus the temple had to be moved at the present site and was named as the Linggu Temple with an inscription “The First Buddhist Forest in the World ”. However,the original temple was destroyed in the war.
3. In 1928,KMT Government of the Republic of China chose the former site of Linggu Temple as the cemetery in memory of officers and soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition War. Later ,its name was changed into Linggu Park.
二.万工池、文武方门、大仁大义坊(2分钟)
1、“万工池”名称及其由来
2、文武方门的建筑特点、门匾和题者、以及门前石狮的由来
3、大仁大义坊的建筑特点、正面和背面的匾额、貔貅的作用和来历
1. This semi-circular pond is called Wangong Pond.It earned its name because as a legend goes,it was built by ten thousand military armymen and civilians ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang.
2. Passing through Wangong Pond,we can see Hongshan Gate,the front gate of Linggu Temple.It was Jinggang Hall of Linggu Temple.During the period of the Republic of China,the gate of cemetery for the dead officers and soldiers was built on the hall site.With three arch-gates in front,the gate is featured by single eaves and gable roof.It was originally carved with “Cemetery for Officers and Soldiers killed in the National Revolution ” inscribed by Jiangjieshi,former president of KMT Party.But it is now replaced by “Wonderful Linggu Scenery ” inscribed by Qian Songnie,a famous calligrapher and painter. This pair of stone lions in front of the gate was donated by Beiping Army Branch when the cemetery was constructed.
3. Entering Hongshan Gate,there is a big memorial archway 10-meter high with six columns,five doors and eleven stories.It was put up with reference to the big memorial archway of the Ming Tomb in Beijing. The memorial archway is embedded with the emblem of KMT Party.The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters “Great Justice and Virtue” in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People ”on the back. They were written by Zhang Jingjiang,a senior senator of KMT Party. On the stone terrace in front of the archway,there is a pair of stone animals named Pixiu engraved with white marble.It was donated by the original the Seventeenth Route Army for symbolizing the loyalty,courage and power of officers and soldiers killed in the war.
三.无梁殿(2分30秒)
1、建造时间、规模和特色
2、内部陈设: 中拱佛台、四壁所嵌110块青石碑及辛亥革命名人蜡像的内容
1.Walking through memorial archway,we can see this big hall which is the only building of the Ming Dynasty preserved in Linggu Temple.It derived its name of Beamless Hall because it uses brick structures instead of wooden beams often seen in ancient Chinese buildings.During the period of the Reparblic of China,it was turned into a sacrificial hall in memory of officers and soldiers killed in the National Revolution.54 meters wide from the east to the west,38 meters in vertical depth and 22 meters high.this hall is featured by overlapped eaves and nine ridges on the top as well as three Lama Towers on the main ridge.
2.Within the Beamless Hall,there are three rows of tubular arches horizontally,with the central arch being the biggest.At the right center,there are three arch niches which were used for erecting three Saints of the West.In 1928,this hall was turned into the sacrificial hall for officers and soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition War.At present,right in the center of the middle arch is “The Bier for the National Revolutionary Martyrs ”,with “The Last Will of Dr.Sun Yat-sen”in the east and the “National Anthem of the Republic of China ”in the west.There is an octagonal-shaped lighting hole on the hall roof which can produce the effect of the Buddhist radiance. On the walls of the Wuliang Hall are inlaid with 110 tablets made of grey stones from Taihu Lake arranged according to the battlefield of death,military unit as well as rank and title of the dead officers and soldiers during the period of the Republic of China.Names of 33,000 dead officers and soldiers are engraved for commemoration.The early 1990s saw the establishment of the “Wax Museum for Celebrities of the Revolution of 1911”,realistically re-demonstrating the characters and historical events during the period of the Revolution of 1911.
四.一号公墓、松风阁(1分30秒)
1、一号公墓的位置 2、公墓的主人
3、墓地的建造特点及周边绿化 4、松风阁的建筑特点及名称演变
1.2. Behind the Beamless Hall is a big lawn which was the former site of Wufang Hall of Linggu Temple.During the Period of the Republic of China,it was reconstructed into No.1 cemetery for dead officers and soldiers,with Western enclosure as its exterior wall.In the cemetery,there were 1600 graves for burying 1000 officers and soldiers who were killed in the Northern Expedition War and Anti-Japanese War by the means of representative funerals.Among them,there are 128 martyrs who died in Songhu Anti-Japanese Battle,symbolizing memory of the “1.28”incident for ever.
3. There is a tall and lush osmanthus tree in the flower bed in the center of the cemetery park,which is called the king of osmanthus tree in Nanjing.Here is the main meeting venue for Linggu Osmanthus Festival in every autumn.
4. This is Songfeng Pavilion built in 1931.It was the former site of Discipline Hall of Linggu Temple. During the period of the Republic of China,it was “Memorial Hall of Revolutionary Officers and Soldiers killed ”inscribed by Jiangjieshi.Now it is the place for rest by visitors.
五.灵谷塔(2分30秒)
1、原塔和现塔的用途 2、现塔的建筑时间、层数、高度等
3、塔基座简介 4、塔内二至九层石碑及内容
1. The end of the central axis is Linggu Tower.There is a stone tripod in the center of the square in front of the tower which is engraved with four Chinese characters of “Inscriptive Tripod in Praise of the Martyr’s Merits".It was donated to the cemetery by Liu Zhenhua ,former governor of Anhui Province.
2. Linggu Tower,also known as “Memorial Tower ”,was built in 1933.With nine stories and eight facades,this new tower with strong national characteristics is 61 meters high,as the highest tower in Nanjing.The tower foundation is an octagonal-shaped platform carved with a pattern of “Sun Shining over Mountains and Rivers”on the frontal red stone,symbolizing that the revolutionary spirit of dead officers and soldiers is so daring that it conquers mountains and rivers.
3.The exterior wall of the tower are engraved with four big Chinese characters of “Serving Motherland with Unreserved Loyalty”inscribed by Jiangjieshi.
4. Linggu Tower is a pavilion-style tower that can be ascended.There are 252 spiral staircases within the tower directly leading to the tower top.The interior walls of tower from the second story to the eighth story are inlaid with stone tablets.From the second to the fourth stories are inlaid with Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Farewell Speech before Going to Beijing in cursive script by You Ren,and from the fifth to the eighth stories are inlaid with the Opening Speech for Huangpu Military Academy in seal script by Wu Zhihui.Climbing to the tower top and overlooking into the far distance,we can have a panoramic view of luxuriantly green trees and the overwhelming Purple Mountain.
六.其他(东线)(1分钟)
1、灵谷寺及玄奘顶骨舍利、八功德水
2、邓演达墓(二号公墓址) 3、谭延恺墓及墓园
1. The present Linggu Temple is on a small scale.As Linggu Temple was used for enshrining Baozhi’s remains,the screen wall in front of the gate is written with “Temple for the Real Remains of Sacred Puji Master ”.This is Xuanzang Memorial Hall erected with a half-size bronze statue of Xuanzang.Before the bronze statue,there is a thirteen-story wooden dense-eaved tower.
2.3. Apart from these main buildings,we can see Ba Gongde Shui,which means eight kinds of water with merits and virtues. Deng Yanda’s tomb is situated at the former site of the original second cemetery.Tan Yankai ’s tomb is located at the former site of “Ba Gongde Shui”.As Tan Yankai served as the President of Executive Yuan of the KMT Government,Jiangjieshi held a state funeral for him.
七.其他(西线)(1分钟)
1、宝公塔及三绝碑 2、志公殿及宝志简介
1. The western side of Linggu Temple sees Baogong Pagoda and Zhigong Hall.Walking into Zhigong Hall,we can see the statue of Buddhist Master Baozhi who was the owner of the original Linggu Temple.He born in the Song Dynasty and was proficient in Buddhism.As he punished the evil and praised the good,he was respected by people.After he passed away,Emperor Wudi built the tower and temple for him.
2.This small pagoda behind Zhigong Hall is Baogong Pagoda.It had seven stories of brick-wood structure.Erected in front of the tower is a stone tablet engraved with Baozhi’s portrait painted by Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty and Li Bai’s eulogy inscribed by Yan Zhenqing.Therefore,it is called Tablet of Three Great Artists.