小学英语名词讲解与专练

名词

一．名词：指事物的名称。它分为普通名词和专有名词两类。在句子

中作主语，宾语或表语等。

1．普通名词 ：

Ａ．个体名词:如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。

B．集体名词:如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。

C．物质名词:如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。

D．抽象名词 :（摸不着的）如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love

（爱）等。

2. 专有名词 :主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如Churchill

丘吉尔、Tokyo东京、China中国等。

二．名词的数（分为可数名词和不可数名词）

1）不可数名词它没有复数形式，如water ,advice, glass, juice bread,

fruit news, paper, ,food 等。它们与表示量的可数名词连用,表示"可

数"的概念,

如:a piece of advice/ a piece of cake / cups of tea/three pieces of

paper,/ some bottles of water

2）可数名词却有单数和复数之分，名词单数变复数变化如下:

一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books,

Americans

二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：class—classes match—matches

box----- boxes dish ---- dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches,

三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies,

family-families, duty-duties, story-stories

注意：以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)如：

day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。如： photos，zoos ,pianos,

radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如：knife-knives, wife-wives,

shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese,

Germen

七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses,

gloves, clothes, socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，

警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：

action movie-action movies, Looker-on Lookers-on

但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：

man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸

papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃

glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights

灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡

肉 chickens 小鸡

十一）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen,

Englishman-Englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet,

mouse-mice, tooth-teeth

三．名词所有格

表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家

等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。

例如：men’s room 男厕所 // Chairman Mao’s works 毛主席著作 //

a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 // a stone’s throw 一步之遥 // the

moon’s light 月光 但如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾，则只在该名词后

加“’”来构成所有格。例如：3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程 // five

minutes’ walk 五分钟路程 // two miles’ distance 两英里的距离

1．’s所有格用法 单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s

（以s结尾的只需在s后加’）构成所有格，主要用于有生命的东西。

例如： Have you read Robert Browning’s poems？你读过罗伯特

-勃郎宁的诗吗？ It’s made from mare’s，cow’s or ewe’s milk．它

是用马奶、牛奶或者羊奶制成的。 但也可用于表示时间、城市、

地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。例如： We accepted the

invitation without a moment’s hesitation． 我们一点也没有犹豫

就接受了邀请。

2．of所有格用法 凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来

表示所有关系。无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用。例如： Does

anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？

There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road．在这条路的尽头有一

棵高高的枫树。

3．特殊所有格 若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；

如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后

名词应为复数。例如： The woman dressed in blue is Mary and

Alice’s mother． 那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。

You should find what the difference between Mr．Smith’s and

Mr．Black’s cars is． 你应当发现史密斯先生与布莱克先生的汽

车的不同之处。

练习题

一．写出下列名词复数

leaf______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______

bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______

dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________

boy______ zoo______ man______ flower_______ sheep_______

knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______

city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______

thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______

Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______

tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ boss_____ monkey______

city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______

二．选择

1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?

A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters

2、There is some _______ on the plate(盘子).

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears

3、He gave us____ on how to keep fit.

A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice

4、Please pass me _____.

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters

C. two glasses of water D. two glass water

5、This table is made of __________.

A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.glass

6、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.

A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news

C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news

7、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on

Saturday.

A.little B. much C.many D.a large amount of

8、Some ______ are flying kites near the river.

A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs

9．The _____ has two ______.

A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch

10、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe

11．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.

A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss

9、Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D.leave

10、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.

A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life

11、---Are there any ________ on the farm?

---Yes, there are some.

A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep

12、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.

A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people

C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples

13．Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse

14．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.

A.Japanese, Germen B.Japaneses, Germen

C.Japanese, Germans D.Japaneses, Germans

15、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.

A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people

C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples

16、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that

accident.

A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life

17、The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths

18. The cat caught two ______ last night.

A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices

19．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her

study.

A. woman B. women C. man D. men

20．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.

A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths

21、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

A.women doctors B.woman doctors

C. women doctor D.woman doctor

22．Two ______ would come to the village.

A.woman-doctors B.women doctor

C.women doctors D.woman doctors

23．The deer has four ______

A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots

24. I found my black cat in_____ room.

A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's

C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike

三．填空

1 There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

2. I see you have some ________(hair).

3. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

4. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.

5. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

9. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

10. There are five________(people ) in his family.

11. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

12. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

13. Their________(dictionary) look new.

14. They are________(woman) doctors.