英语翻译中的逻辑

1、高度意识--两种语言属于不同语系，其结构存在巨大差异。英语讲究语法和强逻辑关系，而汉语比较松散，主要是表达意思，在语法上要求不是很严格，前后句子的逻辑关系要求

也不像英语那么严格。鉴于此，如果你翻译出来的东西，语序上与原文一致，那就有问题！目前先检测翻译的以下一些问题。

（1）主语和谓语的有无及其在句子中的位置问题。

（2）定语及其他修饰语的位置问题。

（3）状语的判定及其在句子中的位置问题。

（4）是否要处理成问句的问题。

2、考察你对英汉差异的意识：

（1）欲穷千里目，更上一层楼

If you want to enjoy a grander sight,

You should climb to a greater height.

（2）野旷天低树，江清月近人。

In the vast wilds the sky descends and trees lower,

On the clear waters the moon seems quiet and near.

（3）朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。

Inside the gate of the rich,

Food lies rotting from waste;

Outside it is the poor,

Who lie frozen to death.

（4）

（5）春城无处不飞花。谁言寸草心，报得三春晖。

’s kind rays?

《为政》In the spring, catkins fly in every corner of the city.Can the tender grass ever repayThe spring sun（6）温故而知新，可以为师矣。

英译：If a man keeps brushing up on his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.

（7）男追女，隔座山；女追男，隔层纱。

If a man courts a woman, he has a mountain to climb; if a woman courts a man, she has only a window curtain to lift.

（8）读书可以获取知识。

Through reading one can acquire knoeledge.

（9）教室太吵，宿舍太闷，校园里的树林中，小河边，家山旁，芳草上全是同学知己，一

个个手捧书本，口中念念有词。

--汉语看似一连串的动作和状态，英语却必须逻辑上分清主次，也就是分清楚句子之间的因

As the classroom was too

—in the 果关系，然后从语法上体上出来。通常，英语的逻辑关系要通过连词或转折词体现。--显然，前面两句是原因，后面的是结果。所以，这句可以处理成：noisy and the dorm too stuffy, I went outdoors, only to find fellow students everywhere

reading the texts aloud.

（10）华大妈在枕头下掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交给老栓，老栓接了，抖抖地装入衣袋，又在外面按了两下，便点上灯，吹灭灯盏，走向里屋里。

After some fumbling under the pillow, Old Shuan’s wife took out of it a packet of silver dollars woods, by the brood, beside the rockery, and on the lawns, all witth books in their hand and

which she handed over to him. Pocketing it nervously, and touching it twice to make sure that it was there, Old Shuan lighted a paper lattern and, blowing out the lamp, went into the inner room.

（11）紫鹃答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，

来，放下散花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。

目的语说话的方式！！

--译文1：Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change a spittoon and put the one in her hand on the table and opened the door of innerroom to go out, still closed it, let down the flowered portiere and go to wake Xueyan.

--译文2：Zijuan, answering, hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon, placing the used one on the table in the outer room. Having closed the door behind her, she le

portiere before going to wake Xueyan.

（12）He is known by his knock. Your heart tells you ―That is Mr.--.‖ A rap, between familiarity and respect, demands, and, at the same time, seems to despair of, entertainment. He enters smiling, and -–embarrassed. He holds out his hand to you to shake, and --- draws it back again. He casually looks in about dinner-time---when the table is full. He ofters to go away, seeing you have companybut is induced to stay.(--Charles Lamb’Poor Relationss )

一听敲门声，就知道是他。

一声轻敲，介乎亲昵与尊敬之间，

说是偶然趁饭前来看看，

佐良翻译）。

3、练习分析：专八真题

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花齐放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一篇繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。似乎有权要求招待。进门脸带微笑，但又—局促不安不想已满桌上菜。看见你有客人，他表示要走，但一劝就留下。（王, t down the soft flowered 将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出---请注意，如果你的翻译如译文1，语序和原文基本）一致，那么，即使没有语法错误，也是很低级的翻译。翻译不仅要表达意思，还必须符合