增译和略译

2． 增译和略译

1． 增译

增译可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。

1) 结构增补：

说通话

Cathode may be overheated by the kinetic energy, we expect not.

动能会使阴极过热。我们希望它不要过热。

I’d like to know something about your scientific experiment.

我想了解一下你们科学实验方面的情况。

常增加的概括词如：情况，现象，方面，作用，过程，部分，问题等。

The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies.

美国新任国务卿建议召开世界食品资源会议。

Thieves spread terror through the land.

这一带盗贼出没，造成一片恐慌。

But, by the 1920s, the influence of logical positivism and other deductionistic movements had significantly reduced the impact of the self on social science theory.

但是20年代，由于逻辑实证主义和其他还原主义运动的影响，已大大减弱了自我对于社会科学理论的冲击作用。

Here, we’d like to repeat some important points stated above and generalize them.

这里，我们将要重复强调上述一些要点，并加以归纳。

Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in the silence.

不知不觉已进入隆冬。

Time went by and before I was aware of it winter was waning.

2) 意义增补：

说清楚 必要信息

This is a Shanghai.

这是一辆上海牌轿车。

The self had disappeared as a functional concept among all but a few psychoanalytic and phenomenological theories.

自我作为一个基本概念，在其他所有理论中均已消失，仅存在于精神分析和现象学等少数理论。

The British people are still profoundly divided on the issue of joining Europe.

在英国人民中间到目前为止一直在英国是否参加欧洲共同市场 的问题上存在严重分歧。

Money is a good servant but a bad master.

金钱是个好仆人—你支配它；但又是个坏主人—它支配你。

3) 修辞增补：

语言表达效果

译文整齐、匀称、平衡、和谐

Any writer who deals with a fast-developing subject is faced with a dilemma in choosing a balance between history, present practice and future possibilities.

任何一位想论述一门飞速发展的学科的作者，每逢他在已往的历史经验，现有的实际情况以及将来的可能发展这三者之间均衡地取材时，都会感到左右为难。

相似的语气、音韵、风貌、韵味

They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited.

事实上，她们都是非常好的小姐；她们并不是不会谈笑风生，问题是在要碰到她们高兴的时候；她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于 她们是否乐意这样做；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大。

2． 略译

分为结构略译和精炼压缩。

英文句子追求结构完整，而汉语句子突出重点。

1）结构略译

代词省略

It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back—well, perhaps it is funny, rather!

女人为了体面而要前夫回来，这并不奇怪，虽然男人要前妻回来，也许是很有趣的事。

I don’t think this problem is very difficult and we can solve it by ourselves.

我想这个问题并不十分困难，可以自己解决。

When Rontsen put his hands before X rays, he saw the bones of the hands only.

伦琴把手伸到X 射线前时，只看到手上的骨头。

介词省略

They accused him of stealing the jewels.

他们控告他偷了珠宝。

In spite of all the evidence against him, he refused to admit to the allegation.

尽管种种证据对他不利，他仍然拒不辩解。

Smoking is prohibited in public places.

公共场所严禁吸烟。

On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think.

3月14日下午两点三刻，当代最伟大的思想家停止了思想。

连词省略

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

This morning we drove over what seemed to me endless country.

今天早晨，我们驱车驶过在我看来无边无际的乡村。

it 省略

It ’s raining now.

在下雨。

It ’s ten o’clock.

十点了。

It takes me ten minutes’ walk to go to town.

我进城需要走10分钟。

It was more than 30 years ago that people began to give attention to the applications of semiconductions.

早在30多年前，人们就开始注意半导体的使用了。

冠词省略

An airplane is much faster than a train.

The rate of change in velocity is called acceleration.

速度的变化率称为加速度。

And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence.

耶稣说完了这些比喻，就离开那里。

2) 精炼压缩

To use microwave communication has many advantages, for example, the capacity is large, the quality for secrecy is better, and the cost is low.

采用微波通讯具有容量大、保密性强、成本低等优点。

University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

报考大学的人，有工作经验者优先录取。

The radio consisting of five tubes can receive various signals.

五管收音机能接收各种讯号。

We are all familiar with the fact that a body expands when heated.

我们都知道物体受热膨胀的道理。

Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other men.

科学的探测，知识的追求，使人获得了避免天灾人祸的实力。

And that was the terrible thing that happened.

这事真要命！

There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August!

一年之中，大自然的美景莫过于八月金秋。

So fine was the morning except for a streak of wind here and there that the sea and sky looked all one fabric, as if sails were stuck high up in the sky, or the clouds had dropped down into the sea.

清晨晴朗，清风徐徐，水天一色，征帆如插高天，浮云似坠海底。