英语前缀大全
ab- (abs-) [L] = away from, off
在常用词absent 和abstract 中含有一个拉丁语源的原生词缀ab- (abs-)。它原是拉丁介副词，意思相当于英语的away from 或off 。这个前缀一般加在拉丁词根上，构成动词及相应的形容词与名词。abs-是ab-的异体，出现在以c, t开头的词根前。ab- (abs-)是个僵化词缀，下面分析的都是原生派生词。
absent [ab- = away; sent = to be]
being away; not present 不在；缺席
He is absent from class today. 他今天缺课。
absentee n. 不在者，缺席者
absence n. 不在，缺席
abstract [abs- (ab-) = away; tract = to draw => “to draw away” 抽离；抽取]
v. take away; remove 抽取；分离
Iron is abstracted from ore. 铁是从铁矿石中提炼出来的。
abstraction n. 提取；分离
abscond [abs- (ab-) = away; cond = to store => “to store away” 藏匿起来]
v. go off and hide 潜逃
The dishonest cashier absconded with the bank’s money.
心术不正的银行出纳携款潜逃。
abduct [abs- (ab-) = away; duct = to lead => “to lead somebody away from home” 把某人引离家门]
v. to take away by fraud or violence; kidnap 诱拐；劫持
The man abducted a boy for ransom. 那人诱拐了一个男孩来勒索赎金。
abductor n. 诱拐者；拐子
absolve [abs- (ab-) = away; solve = to loose => “to loose sb. away from” 把某人从…中解脱开来]
v. free from; forgive 解除；宽恕
He confessed his mistakes and was absolved. 他认了错并得到了宽恕。
absolution n. 免除；赦免
abuse [abs- (ab-) = away; us = to use; -e => “to use away from the proper way” 偏离正道地使用] v. to use wrongly; misuse 滥用；妄用
Don ’t abuse a friendship by asking too many favours. 不要滥用友情求人过甚。
abusage n. 文字的滥用；不适当的用语
abusive a. 滥用的；辱骂性的
abstain [abs- (ab-) = away; tain = to hold => “to hold oneself away from sth.” 控制自己离开某种事物]
v. hold oneself back; restrain 戒；节制
He has abstained from smoking. 他已经戒了烟。 abstention n. 戒；避开；弃权