谢孟媛中级文法(被动语态)
被动语态(75-80)
及物动词才有被动语态
被动语态 beV+p.p.
beV 管时态
p.p. 管被动
一、 S+V+O的被动语态
注意1
By+受词可省的情形有三
1. 动作者为一般人或泛指一类人时
在这个地区随处可看见野生猴子
Wild monkeys are seen around this area.
2. 动作者不清楚时
这个座位有人坐了
This seat is taken.
3. 从前后文的关系可清楚动作者是谁时
报纸约在早上五点送达
The newspapers are delivered around 5:00 a.m.
注意2
当一个动词加上一个介词有特定意义, 可做被动语态
The balloons had been blown away by the wind before they come.
二、 S+V+O+O的被动语态
1. They sent all the customers a card about the sale.
They sent a card about the sale to all the customers.
>A card about the sale was sent (to) all the customers.
2. The embassy gave me a new passport.
>I was given a new passport by the embassy.
>A new passport was given (to) me by the embassy.
3. My father bought me a motorcycle. >A motorcycle was bought for me by my father.
注意1: 动词buy, get, make, read, sing, write, build, cook, pass, choose 等, 其被动语态, 多不用间接受词(人) 当主语
注意2: 用to 时, 可以省略
三、 S+V+O+C的被动语态
1. His grandfather named the baby Doris.
The baby was named Doris by his grandfather.
2. John persuaded me to go to the dentist.
I was persuaded to go the dentist by john.
重点
1. They made the students wait in line.
The students were made to wait in line.
2. He heard his dog bark/barking at a cat.
3. I saw a man jump/jumping into the river.
四、 疑问句的被动语态
1) YES/NO问句(beV或助动词为首的问句)
1. Does your wife cook your meals? 你太太帮你做三餐吗?
Are your meals cooked by your wife?
2. Did your father bake this pizza?
Was this pizza baked by your father?
3. Will you finish the work tomorrow?
Will the work be finished (by you) tomorrow?
2) WH问句
1. Who produced this CD?
Who(m) was this CD produced by?
By whom was this CD produced? 文章体
2. Who do the police suspect?
Who is suspected by the police?
3. What do you call this in English?
What is this called (by you) in English?
4. What kind of program do you favor?
What kind of program is favored by you?
五、 祈使句的被动语态
1) (Don’t/Never) +原形动词>Let~
1. Open the door of the room.
>Let the door of the room be opened.
注意let 后使用be(原形)
2. Don’t forget this lesson.
>Don’t let this lesson be forgotten.
>Let this lesson not be forgotten.
2) Let +受词+原形动词
1. Let my daughters pack the things.
>Let the thing be packed by my daughters.
重点: 使役动词
a. make/have+O+
I made him to do it.
I made it done.
b. get+O+
I got him to do it.
I got it done.
c. let+O+
I let him do it.
I let it be done.
六、 say, believe, expect, know, think, consider等的被动语态
1. They say that yawns are catching. 打哈欠会传染
>It is said (by them) that yawns are catching. 据说~
>>Yawns are said to be catching.
It is said+that+S+V = S is said toV
2. We expect that the plane will land on time.
>It is expected that the plane will land on time.
>>The plane is expected to land on time.
3. They think that he is the best football player of the year.
>It is thought that he is the best football player of the year. >>He is thought to be the best football player of the year.
七、 特别注意的被动语态
1) 被动语态行为者前不加by
情绪动词
如interest
English interests me.
English is interesting to me.
I am interested in English.
be shocked at (by)
be surprised/amazed at (by)
be amused at (by)
be disappointed at (by)+事 对~(事) 感到失望
be disappointed in (with, about)+人 对~(人) 感到失望
be satisfied with
be excited about
be embarrassed about
be interested in
be known to+人
be covered with+物
be crowded with+物
with + 道具, 手段, 物品
as + 身份
by + 动作者, 行为者
1. She was shocked at .
2. Her parents were satisfied with her school report.
3. Mr. Wang was known to many young students.
注意
4. The language is known by everyone
known+by+行为者 everyone 都实际学习了, 是行为者
be known to为... 所知
be known by通过...(了解到)
5. She is known as an excellent pianist. 身为~而闻名
6. The box was covered with a black cloth by the magician.
7. Many people were killed in the plane crash.
8. He is absorbed in buying and selling real estate. 热衷于~
real estate 不动产, 房地产 personal estate 动产 estate agent英/ realtor美 房屋中介
2) 具有被动语态功能的过去分词, 有时可修饰名词
1. These are home-made cakes.
2. Excited spectator rushed into the playground.
3) 不定词, 动名词也可用于被动
to be>to be p.p.
Ving>being p.p.
1. 我不喜欢成为别人的话题
I don’t like to be talked about.
2. Nobody likes being made fun of.
4) 被动语态, 有时表示动作, 有时表示状态
1. The street lights are switched on at sunset. 动作
The street lights are switched now. 状态
2. My little brother is dressed by my mother.
My little brother is dressed in red pants today.
be dressed/dress onself
注意1
有时为了强调动作, 经常用become, get, grow代替be 动词
1. She got dressed very quickly. 穿衣服很快
注意2
有时为了强调状态, 会用lie, stand, remain, stay等代替be 动词
2. The city lies buried under the sand.
3. The door remained closed until morning.
5) 主动语态表示被动
1. Chicken doesn’t bake well.
2. Your paper reads like a novel. 你的报告
3. Long use has worn his gloves at the tips.
长久的使用使他手套的指尖部分磨损了
4. Red wine stains don’t wash out easily.
5. The door doesn’t lock.
6. This tough steak doesn’t cut easily.
6) 经验性的被动语态
have/get+O+p.p. >被害
1. I had my house burned down in the fire.
我家在那场火灾中付之一炬
2. I got my pocked picked.
我的钱被扒了
3. I got my wrist broken.
我弄折了我的手腕
注意
以下表示纯粹被动, 无被害
4. I got my tooth pulled out. 我牙被拔了/我拔牙了
5. I had my hair cut. 我理发了
7) 惯用的被动语态
a. be born
I was born in 1975.
注意
生产(baby);忍受bear-bore-borne
出生bear-bore-born
1. My mom has borne four children.
2. You were borne by me. 你是我生的
3. He was born on January 1. 他出生在一月一日 b. be married 结婚 marry 嫁; 娶
They have been married for seven years. c. be injured / be wounded / be hurt 受伤
hurt-hurt-hurt
injure (无限定) 使~受伤
wound (以刀, 枪) 使~负伤
hurt (精神上, 肉体) 伤害
1. She was badly/slightly injured in the accident.
2. He was wounded in the left leg.
3. Aren’t you hurt?
d. be/get acquainted with 熟悉
They are acquainted with each other.
e. be engaged in从事~,忙于~
be engaged to sb.订婚
1. My father is engaged in business.
2. John is engaged to Mary.
f. be used/accustomed to(prep.) 习惯
1. They are accustomed to foreign manners.
2. I am used to staying up late at night.
注意
be used to N/Ving 习惯~
used to V 以前习惯, 过去常常
1. My father used to smoke, (but now he doesn’t.)
2. He used to be a naughty boy.(现在不是了) g. be seated 坐下
Please be seated.
Please seat yourself.
Please sit down.
Please seat yourself.