分析造成防水工程渗漏的原因

分析造成防水工程渗漏的原因

Analysis of the causes of leakage of waterproof Engineering

关于防水工程易产生渗漏的细节部位在建筑工程中还比较多, 比如说屋面雨落管管口处、安装在屋面的太阳能热水器的脚部、外窗四周缝隙、设备基础等部位, 在此不一一叙述, 但是对于这些部位的质量控制, 每个工程管理人员都应该引起足够的重视。

Details of the site on the waterproof engineering easy to generate leakage in building engineering is quite many, such as the roof rain pipe orifice, installed on the roof of the solar water heater, the foot outside the window around the gap, basic equipment and other parts, this is not the one one narrative, but for these parts of the quality control, each engineering management personnel are enough attention should be paid to.

造成防水工程渗漏的原因很多, 比如材料质量不过关、成品保护不到位、设计存在问题、施工粗糙等, 但是笔者通过所接触工程的情况以及一些相关的文章和统计了解到, 防水工程的细节部位做法不当是产生渗漏比较主要的原因。于是在工程施工实践过程中, 对防水细节部位的做法做了重点的研究和控制, 总结了一些做法, 现分析如下:

Many reasons for waterproofing works leakage, such as material quality is not good, finished product protection is not in place, the problems in the design, construction and rough, but the author through contact with engineering and some relative articles and statistics to know, waterproofing details of improper practices are main reasons caused the leakage. So in the construction practice, the waterproof detail place to do research and control of key , summarizes some practices, are as follows:

1 外墙外保温在外窗的收口部位

1 external heat insulation in the closing position of the outer window

随着建筑节能要求的不断提高, 外墙外保温技术逐渐被大多数工程所采用, 外保温在外窗收口部位的雨水渗漏问题也随之而来, 雨水顺着保温的收口部位渗漏至保温的空气层内, 进而沿着外墙渗透至室内。

With the construction of energy-saving requirements continue to increase, the exterior insulation technology has been adopted by most engineering, external insulation in the rain outside the window closing position leakage problem also subsequently and come, rain down the air layer close to the leakage of thermal insulation, and then along the outer wall permeability to the room. 通过研究发现, 产生这个问题的主要原因是保温收口处比较薄弱, 如果此处施工质量控制不好或者成品保护工作没有做好, 极易产生渗漏问题。但是要想通过提高施工时的质量意识和成品保护意识来解决此问题比较困难, 因为随着时间的推移, 此处一直是一隐患部位。于是通过分析和实践, 认为如下做法可以为此问题的解决提供一种方案。即在施工主体结构时在外窗四周浇筑凸出的混凝土边框, 其凸出厚度为设计的保温层厚度

Through the research discovery, the main reason of this problem is the insulation close relatively weak, if the construction quality control is not good or the finished product protection is not doing a good job, prone to leakage problems. But to improve construction quality consciousness and product protection consciousness to solve this difficult problem, because as time goes on, there has been a hidden parts. Then through analysis and practice, think to solve the following practices can provide a solution for this problem. In the structure of subject construction in the concrete frame of the external window around pouring convex, the convex thickness for the design of the thermal insulation layer thickness

此种做法犹如给外墙保温在外窗的收口部位加设了一个环箍, 对其进行了加强, 避免了由于此

处破坏引起的渗漏。

Such practices as to the external wall insulation set a hoop in the closing position outside the window, the strengthened, avoiding the damage caused by the leakage of here.

2 卫生间门口部位

2 bathrooms at the site

卫生间的防水可以说一直以来人们的重视程度较高, 因为其经常处在一种有水的环境下, 特别是马桶底部、地漏处、给排水管道根部等部位一直是人们的高度关注的部位。但是, 对于卫生间门框下部的渗漏问题, 还没有引起人们的足够重视。

Bathrooms waterproofing can say attached to a higher degree of people all the time, because it is often in a water environment, especially at the bottom of the closestool, floor drain, drainage pipeline to site root has been the people's attention of the site. However, the leakage problem of the bathroom door, has not caused enough attention.

在施工过程中发现, 以下几种原因极易造成上述问题的发生:

Found in the process of construction, the following several reasons causing the problem easily:

(1)门框安装好后, 在后序施工中, 使其产生震动, 造成门框与下面的防水层及防水保护层脱离。

(1) the door after installation, in the order of construction, make its produce vibration, resulting in the door frame and the waterproof layer and waterproof layer detachment.

(2)门框与墙体的缝隙没有填塞密实, 使防水找平层在此产生裂缝。

(2) the gap of the door frame and the wall without packing density, so that the waterproof layer on the cracks.

对于上述的几个问题, 通过笔者在施工实践中的总结, 施工过程中要采取如下的措施进行控制:

For the above-mentioned problems, the author summarized in construction practice, the construction process should take the following measures to control:

(1)安装门框时, 在靠近门框底部增加固定点, 保证在此部位门框与墙体连接牢固。同时, 门框安装好后, 要注意避免对其产生大的震动, 做好成品保护。

(1) the installation of door frames, near the door bottom to increase the fixed point, which is firmly connected on the part of the door frame and the wall body. At the same time, the door is installed, should pay attention to avoid the shocks of the finished product protection.

(2)门框与墙体之间的缝隙要采用砂浆填塞密实, 而且填塞砂浆中适当掺入建筑胶, 使其不容易产生裂缝。同时, 在门框与墙体的接缝处另加一层防水油膏, 对此部位的防水进行加强。

(2) the gap between the frame and the wall to the mortar dense packing, and packing mortar appropriate incorporation of building glue, which is not easy to generate crack. At the same time, plus in the joints of the frame and the wall of a layer of waterproof ointment, this part is to strengthen waterproof.

3 预埋件与套管的留置部位

Indwelling position 3 embedded parts and casing

现在的建筑各种管线都埋置在地下, 由地下室外墙穿入建筑物后接入室内, 于是地下室外墙上的预埋件与套管的留置数量也随之增多, 由于这些部位处于地下室, 特别是对于水位较高的地区, 非常容易产生渗漏。所以此部位的防水做法必须要保证能有效防止渗漏, 首先分析一下产生这类问题的主要原因: Construction of various pipelines are now buried in the underground, from the exterior into the basement building access indoor, so the number of embedded parts and casi ng lien basement exterior wall are al so increasing, because these parts in the basement, especially for the high water level, very easy to generate leakage. So this part of the waterproof practice must guarantee can effectively prevent leakage, first analyzes

the main reasons why this type of problem:

(1)穿墙管道没有使用防水套管或没有焊接止水环、或焊接质量不好。

(1) through-wall pipe without the use of waterproof casing or no welding seal ring, or the welding quality is not good.

(2)预埋的金属件(如防雷接地扁钢) 、穿墙套管以及为安装模板设置的穿墙螺栓, 施工中往往存在局部漏焊和严重夹渣现象。

(2) metal preembedded (such as lightni ng protection and grounding flat), wall bushi ng and for the installation of wall bolt template settings, local leakage welding slag and serious phenomenon usually exists in construction.

针对上述问题, 在施工中应注意采取有效的措施, 避免发生, 介绍如下:

In view of the above questions, under construction should take effective measures, to avoid, as follows:

(1)在混凝土结构中的穿地下室外墙的管道, 应使用防水套管, 并认真焊接止水环。预埋套管加焊止水环做法:套管采用钢管, 其长度等于墙厚(或其长度加上两端垫木的厚度之和等于墙厚), 兼具撑头作用, 以保持模板之间的尺寸; 止水环在套管上满焊严密, 支模时在预埋套管中穿人对拉螺栓拉紧固定模板。拆模后将螺栓抽出, 套管与管道间采用沥青麻丝和防水密封膏封堵密实。套管两端有垫木的, 拆模时连同垫木一并拆除, 除密实封堵套管外, 还应将两端垫木留下的凹坑封实。

(1) the pipeline in the concrete structure in the basement, should use waterproof casing, and seriousl y welding sealing ring. Pre-buried sleeve welding sealing ring approach: casing by pipe, its length is equal to the thickness of the wall (or its length plus ends wood pad thickness and equal wall thickness), both support the head, to keep the template size between the sealing ring on the casing; a full weld to tight, formwork in embedded set tube wearing the bolt tightening fixed template. After strippi ng out the bolt, between the casing and the pipeline used asphalt hemp and waterproof sealing paste plugging dense. The two ends of the sleeve pad wood formwork, along with the skids be removed, in addition to dense plugging casing, should also be sealed at both ends of pit wood left.

(2)加强对止水环焊缝的检查, 在满焊的条件下应逐个敲击焊缝检验, 对不合格的要补焊后方可用到工程中。用于支模的穿墙螺栓要采用止水螺栓, 而且在螺栓端头要预埋小木块, 当混凝土达到一定强度后, 将预埋的小木块剔掉, 在剔掉小木块后形成的凹槽内截去穿墙螺栓, 并将凹槽采用膨胀砂浆补实。

(2) to strengthen the sealing ring weld inspection, in full welding conditions should be individually on weld inspection, to unqualified to weld rear available to the project. For through-wall bolt die support to use waterproof bolt, but also to the embedded small pieces of wood in the bolt ends, when the concrete reaches a certai n strength, the embedding of small pieces of wood removed, grooves are formed on the tick off small pieces of wood in the truncated through-wall bolts, and the expansion of mortar filling grooves.

建筑防水是一门综合性、实用性很强的工程技术, 对建筑工程的使用功能起着至关重要的作用。但是在许多建筑工程中, 防水工程质量所谓四漏(屋面漏、厕浴间漏、外墙体渗漏和地下室渗漏) 问题已成为常见的质量通病, 应引起注意。

Waterproof constructi on is a comprehensive, very strong practical engineering technology, on the construction of the use function plays a vital role in. But in many engineering, waterproofing quality called four leakage (roofing leakage, toilet leakage, external leakage and leakage of basement) has become a common quality defects, should pay attention to.