简单句的五种基本句型,并列句和复合句

简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：

He is six years old.

She didn’t hear of you before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：

Do they like skating?

Where did you go yesterday?

Is he six or seven years old?

Mary can swim, can’t she?

3）祈使句：

Be careful, boys.

Don’t talk in class

4）感叹句：

What an exciting film it was!

How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如：

He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：

You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。如：

The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型

简单句就是只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语的句子。根据句子基本结构，英语简单句由三种主要动词（连系动词、不及物动词、及物动词）构成。这五个基本句型如下：

S 十V 主谓结构

S 十V 十P 主系表结构

S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构

S 十V 十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

S 十V 十O 十C 主谓宾补结构

基本句型一： S十V 主谓结构

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, go, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, take place, rise,等等。

例句：

The rain stopped. 雨停了。

They are talking. 他们在讲话。

Most students work hard．大部分学生努力学习。

Our dreams have come true. 我们的梦想已经实现了。

1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________

2). 我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。 _______________________________________

3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________

补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。

常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。例如：

4). Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy life.

_______________________________________________________________________。

5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. __________________________________________。

6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.

______________________________________________________________________。

7). He died a glorious death. _____________________________________________________。 基本句型二: S十V 十P 主系表结构

例句：

He is an IT engineer．他是一位信息工程师。

The cloth feels smooth．这块布料手感细滑。

The fish tastes wonderful. 鱼尝起来非常美味。

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：

8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静。

9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.

B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：

10) Autumn comes. It is getting cooler and cooler. 秋天到了，天气变的越来越凉爽。

11) Don't have the food. _______________________________.

不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。

12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。

基本句型三: S十V 十O 主谓宾结构

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： 例句：

Mary bought a book.. Mary 买了一本书。

Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么吗？

I have finished reading the text. 我已经读完课文了。

You must try to improve. 你必须试着提高。

13) 我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.

14) You place me in a difficult situation.________________________________________。

15）They finally managed to get along with us. _____________________________________。

16）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。

17）I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。

基本句型四: S十V 十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语 例句：

The old man gave the little boy some coins． 老人给了那个小男孩几个硬币。

Mr ．Hardey teaches US European Literature． 哈代先生教我们欧洲文学。

His aunt bought him a book and several toys． 他婶婶给他买了一本书和几个玩具。 His praise gave US great encouragement． 他的表扬给了我们很大的鼓舞。

The programmer is showing us how to use the computer．程序员正在教我们如何使用电脑。 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：

18）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.

___________________________________________________。

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：

A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb. ；（常见的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) ）

B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.。 （常见的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) ）

注意：如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。

e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说：I handed our teacher it .

20) Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。

21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. ==

I'll offer ____ _________ ____________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。

基本句型五: S十V 十O 十C 主谓宾补结构

这类句型中及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词，介词短语等来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。

例句：

We think Creek too difficult．我们认为希腊语太难了。

We made him captain．我们选他作队长。

They don't want to let us go．他们不想让我们走。

When the policemen came in，they found the old man dead．警察进来时发现老人死了。 He 1ikes to watch the boys playing football. 他喜欢看那些男孩们踢足球。

练：

22）Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

23）他把墙漆成白色。________________________________________________________.

24）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。______________________________________________. 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to 。但变为被动语态时， 则要带”to ”如：

25）The boss made him do the work all day. ______________________________________。

26）H e was seen to steal the old man’s money .____________________________________。 ◆ E xercise1：

判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型：

1. Your sister dances beautifully. ( )

2. Doing that would be playing with fire. ( )

3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment. ( )

4. They kept their marriage a secret. ( )

5. She gave me her telephone number. ( )

6. Good food keeps you healthy. ( )

7. I advise waiting till the right time. ( )

8. Did you sleep well? ( )

9. Horse-riding and shooting are some of the more unusual events. ( )

10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world. ( )

（三）并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only… but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。如：

The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either… or…, otherwise等。如：

Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。如：

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。如：

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. （四）复合句

复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成

立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成分，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。

从句有三种：

1. 名词性从句 （包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）

1) When the train will arrive is unknown.

2) Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.

3) This is what we should do.

4) She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.

2. 定语从句(形容词性从句)

He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.

3. 状语从句(副词性从句)

He is absent today, because he is ill.

◆ Exercise2：

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

（ ）1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

（ ）2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

（ ）3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

（ ）4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back

home at seven in the evening.

（ ）5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

（ ）6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

（ ）7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

（ ）8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

（ ）9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

（ ）10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

（五）高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2. 祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。

如：W e will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 巩固练习：

一、选择填空：

1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.

A. and B. or C. if D. so

2. It’s the third time that John has been late, __________?

A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it

3. Let us pass, ___________?

A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you

4. I suppose he’s serious, __________?

A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he

5. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. and B. but C. so D. because

6. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.

A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either

C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry

7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.

A. or B. for C. while D. so

8. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?

---- I’d like to go out.

A. or B. and C. but D. so

9. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he?

---- ____.

A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is

10. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!

A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is

11. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.

A. or B. so C. for D. yet

12. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.

A. yet he B. but he C. he D. and

13. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn

14. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.

---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.

A. or, but B. and, but C. or, and D. and, and

15. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.

A. and B. so C. as D. but

二、用适当的连接词填空:

1. He closed the window, turned off the light ________ left the room.

2. She is American ________ she speaks Chinese very fluently.

3. It is foggy today, ________ we can’t see distant hills.

4. He likes sports, ________ I’d rather collect stamps.

5. _______ he couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer showed their interest in his lesson.

6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and ________we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.

7. She expressed the hope ________ she would write a novel someday.

8. The girl ________ English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race, ________ made all of us very happy.

9. Please tell us the time ________ we shall have the Chinese exam.

10. ________ a young man, he was a storekeeper ________ later a postmaster.

三、将下列句子译成英语：

1. 汤姆决心不再迟到了。

2. 我很饿，请给我一点东西吃。

3. 老师讲话时，我们得保持安静，对不对?

4. 我们把英语看作日常工作中的一种有用的工具。

5. 他们取消了上个星期天去扬州的游览，因为整整下了一天雨。

6. 金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。

7. 在黑暗的大街上，没有一个她可以寻求帮助的人。

8. 他在这家工厂工作了十年之后就出国了。

练习参考答案

◆ Exercise1：

1. S+ Vi. 2. S + linkV + P 3. S + Vt. + O 4. S + Vt. + O + O.C. 5. S + Vt. + I.O + D.O

6. S + Vt. + O + O.C. 7. S + Vt. + O 8. S + Vi. 9. S + linkV + P 10. S + Vt. + O + O.C.

◆ Exercise2：

1、简单句； 2、复合句； 3、简单句； 4、简单句； 5、并列句；

6、复合句； 7、并列句； 8、复合句； 9、简单句； 10、简单句

◆ 巩固练习：

一、1~5 ACDDB 6~10 DCABC 11~15CCBAD

二、1. and 2. but 3. so 4. while 5. What; why

6. that 7. that 8. whose, which 9. when 10. As, and

三、1. Tom decided not to be late again.

2. I’m very hungry. Please give me something to eat.

3. When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, don’t we?

4. We consider English (as) a useful tool for everyday work.

5. They cancelled their trip to Yangzhou last Sunday for it rained the whole day.

6. I don’t like the idea that money is everything.

7. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.

8. After he had worked in the factory for ten years, he went abroad.