高考英语易错选择题(语法)
1.______late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm clock.
A.So as to sleep B.Sleeping C.To sleep D.Having slept
解析:本题考查不定式作目的状语的知识。
A 项. so as to 和in order to 的区别so as to只用于句子中间,in order to可以用在句子中
间也可以用在句子开头,两者都表示目的状语,意思相同,都翻译为:为了……
B 项. 现在分词的常用法:1. 表示主动 2. 表示动作正在发生。根据句意可得,B 项错误 C 项. 动词不定式的用法:1. 表示将来 2. 表示动作的一次性 3. 主动和被动看具体
情况,详见后面的题目 4. 作目的状语,意思是:为了……。故C 正确
D 项. Having done 的用法:表示先于谓语动词发生,且和主句的主语为主动关系,可以翻
译成已经……。带入上述句子,意思不同,不成逻辑。错误
答案:C 2.What do you think of the reason ______he explained in his last letter______refusing the job?
A.why,why B.that:for which C.which;for D.that;because
解析:本题考查定语从句和reason 一词的用法。做从句题目首先要分清句子的主干,把疑问句改成陈述句。What do you think of the reason( ______he explained in his last letter) ______refusing the job? 括号里面的为定语从句,确定好后再分析定语从句中缺少什么成分,对了,从句中缺少expain 的宾语,故可以填which ,that 或者省略。再看后面一空,______refusing the job是与reason 搭配的,正常语序是 the reason ______refusing the job. 到这里,很多学生会选择why 或者beca use ,再仔细看看便知refusing the job不是谓语动词短语,不能用连词或者疑问副词连接,两者都不对,而是用for ,固定短语the reason for …. 意思为:……的原因
答案:C
3.We can communicate______people in every part of the world ______the Internet.
A.which;with B.with;thr ough C.through;through D.through;with 解析:本题考查固定短语。
与某人联系:communicate with sb
通过因特网:through the Internet
拓展:1. 与communicate 有关的短语
communicate (sth )with sb in sth 用……和某人交流
communicate with= make communication with… 与……交流
communicate sth with sb 与某人交流(观点、意见)
communicate sth to sb 把……传达给某人
4. ——Are all the telephone numbers ______in the directory?
——Yes, all_____Jane’s.
A.listed;included B. listing; includes C.listed;including D.being listed;includes
解析:本题第一空中list 作动词用,与其前面的名词telephone numbers 有被动含义,故应用过去分词作后置定语;而第二空include 后有宾语Jane ’s ,应用现在分词,相当于 that includes
总结:including sb/sth sb/sth included 看第14题
答案:C
5.Readers can_____quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over B. get in C get along D.get through
解析:本题考查get 构成的短语词义辨析。A 项:复习,过一遍 B 项:插话 C 项:相处,进展 D :接通电话,完成
根据句意:阅读者不必理解每一个单词的准确含义,但仍然可以进展(阅读)相当好. 答案:C
6.I won’t give up any help _______you tell me the truth.It’s none of my business.
A.unless B.since C.if D.even though
解析:A.unless (除非) B. since(既然,由于) C. if(假使,假如) D.even though(即使) 根据句意可得,答案选A
It ’s none of my business. 意思为不关我事
答案:A
7.Time should be made good use _______our lessons well.
A.of learning B.to learn C.to learning D.of to learn
解析:be made good use 为被动语态短语,根据被动语态中省略介词的地方都要加上的原则,后面加上of 。故先排除B.C 。而事实上be made good use of 后面接的宾语并不是l earning/to learn our lessons well ,而是句首的time 。故句子还原应该是 we should make good use of time_____ our lessons well.很明显划线处应该是to learn。表示目的状语,为了…… 答案:D
8.
1.He had his legs_____in the match yesterday.
A.to break B.broken C.break D.breaking
2.I had him_______ the letters for me yesterday.
A.posted B.post C.to post D.posting 解析:1.have sth done 意思为遭受或者意思为让某物被……
2.have do 意思为让
答案:1.B 2.B
9.People_____the meeting were scientists.
A.were present B.who are present at
C.present to D.present at
解析:本题考查后置定语和省略句的用法。be present at为固定短语。先排除A.C 。
因为主句中时态为一般过去时,所以从句中也为一般过去式,故排除B 项。People who were present at the meeting were scientists.又因who 为关系代词,指前面的people ,且从句中有be 动词,故可以省略who 和were 。所以答案为D
答案:D
10.He was______to attend the meeting.
A.demanded B.requested C.hoped D.agreed
解析:demand 常与物搭配,即主语为物。而request 常与人搭配。
C :没有hope sb to do这种用法,故其被动形式也没有.
答案:B.D 11.Ten students have failed in the exam,______.
A.include him B.him including.
C.including he D.him included
解析:including sb/sth(宾格)
(宾格) sth /sb included
答案D
12.I saw a police officer running _________the direction of the lake.
A.to B.in C.for D.at
解析:词组:in the direction of… 以……的方向
答案:B
13.________,the 21-yearl-old girl won the Olympics medals in track events.
A.To believe or not B.Believing it or not C.Believe it or not D.Whether believe or not
解析:Believe it or not 为固定短语,不能更改。没有ABD 的说法
答案:C
14.He commanded that the work _______before 5 P .M..
A.was finished B should finish C.would be finished D.be finished 解析:本题考查command 的用法。当一些单词意为命令建议时,其后面所跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气。结构为should +动词原形,其中should 可以省略。又因为work 和fi nish 为被动关系,故答案为D
答案:D
易错题,典型题(二)
15.The professor could hardly find necessary grounds_______his arguments in favour of the new theory.
A.to be based on B.to base on
C.which to base on D.on which to base
解析:句意:这位教授几乎不可能找到必需的理由,以此来支持新学说。
本题考查定语从句和bas e 一词的用法。固定短语:base sth on sth。
原句剖析:The professor could hardly find necessary grounds( on which to base his arguments) in favour of the new theory. 划线部分为定语从句,正常语序应该是,类比可得,此句可改成答案:D
16. ——Would you like to be a doctor when you grow up?
——Yes ,________.
A.I ’d like to. B.I ’d like it.
C. I’d like to be. D.I ’d like so.
解析:句意:当你长大的时候你想成为一名医生吗?----是的,我想成为一名医生。口语中喜欢用简洁形式,说完整应该是:Yes ,I ’d like to be a doctor when you grow up. 省略是往往省略to 后面的成分,但是遇到have/be 时,应保留have/be ,省略have/be后面的成分。 答案:C (强调划线部分)
解析:强调句的基本知识点:1. 强调句的基本结构:It is /was …that/who…
2. 一旦此句型被拿掉,句子结构和成分仍然完整。意思也就是
我们只需套结构,不需要修改原句,将强调部分放前面,其余部分照抄。
3. 强调句唯一不能强调的部分为谓语
答案:It was because I was tired that I went to bed early.(注意时态前后一致)
18.He______Mary for three years.
A.has fallen in love with B.has been in love with
C.has married to D.has been married with
解析:观察此句,可以知道句子结尾有for three years ,表示一段时间,故主句中用的谓语动词应该是持续性动词,而非短暂性动词,故先排除A.C 。又因为marry 只与to 搭配,所以排除C.
答案:B
19.They came out for their morning exercises.I also________.
A.joined B.took part in C. joined in D.attended
解析:join 后面直接加名词(eg.club ,army ,league …)意为加入某个组织并成为其中的一员,join 后面加上介词in 后再加名词意思为参加某个活动,等同于take part in 。但两者有区别。Join in 后面可以不加名词,但是take part in 后面必须得加,所以不选B ,而选C 。另外attend 是参加某个会议。
答案:C
20.I ’m not familiar_____this computer.
A.to B.toward C.wit h D.about
解析:本题考查familiar 的短语。基本知识:sb be familiar with sth (某人对某事很熟悉) Sth be familiar to sb答案:C
21.Don ’t _______difficulties.
A.give in to B.give in C.give out D. give off 解析:give in 是个不及物短语,后面不能直接加名词或者代词,必须先加介词,可以使to 或者towards 。give out 意思为灯熄灭,过时,筋疲力尽等 give off 意思为发出(光、声音等) ,散发出(气味) 等。give in 的意思为向某人/物投降.
答案:A
22.What ’ s your attitude ______this question?
A.of B.toward C.about D.ON 解析:本题考查attitude 与介词搭配。attitude 与to 或者toward 连用,意思为对……的态度,看法。
答案:B 23.The patient is seriously ill.It looks as if he _______.
A.dies
B.has died
C.is dying
D.was died
解析:此题考查现在进行时表示将来的的特殊用法。is dying 表示将要死亡,并不是现在已经死了。整句意思为:他看上去好像即将死亡。
答案:C
24.Corn is delicious________with butter in the eyes of westerners.
A.when eaten
B.when to eat
C.when to be eaten
D.when eating
解析:本部分句子结构为:Corn is delicious when it is eaten.当主语和从句主语一致并且从句中含有系动词be 的某种形式时,就可以省略主语和系动词。 B 项,注意省略的是it (corn )is 部分,时间状语用一般现在时表将来,而不是不定式形式。
答案:A
25.______five minutes_______before the last bus left,we arrived at the station.
A.There were;to go
B.With;to go
C.It was;left
D.Tt had;left 解析:本题考查with 的复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语。本题用不定式作宾语补足语表示将来动作。句意:在最后一班公交车离开前的五分钟,我们都到达了车站。
深化升华:with+宾语+宾补 结构过去分词作宾补表示被动或完成;现在分词作宾补表示正在进行或持续;不定式作宾补表示将来的动作。
答案:B 26.Engin es are to machines _____hearts are to animals.
A.as B.that C.what D.which
解析:句意为发动机之于机器就如同心脏之于动物。A is to B what C is to D. 为固定句型。 答案:C
27.It was not until she got home _______Jane realized she had lost her keys.
A.when
B.that
C. where
D.before
解析:句意直到到了家,简才意识到钥匙丢了。在高中英语中not 和until 只有两种情况下紧挨出现:1. 强调句型中;2. 倒装句型中。其他情况一律用not …until ,所以此句还可以改写成为:Jane didn ’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home。或者Not until Jane got home did she realized she had lost her keys.
答案:B
28.It was a small country house but it was large_____urban standards.
A.at
B.for
C.by
D.from
解析:句意:这是一间乡间小屋,但按城里的标准就足够大的了。与standards 相搭配的介词为by ,所以选择C 项。by “根据,按照”;at 主要和invitation ,request 等词连用;fo r 意为“就…而言”;常用在形容词之后,表示“出乎意料”;from “根据”,主要表示作出某个判断的理由。
答案:C
29.It is March now,but the rivers still________frozen.
A.stays B.keeps C.remain D.become
解析:frozen 为形容词,前面需要使用系动词,另外注意主语和谓语在数上的一致,由于主
语the rivers 是复数,所以排除A.B ;另外在此处需要表示“维持,仍然处于……的状态”的动词,所以排除D
答案:C
易错题,典型题(三)
易错点1 名词的单复数形式的误判
【典例】 —What do you think the _____should do first?
—They should learn to take_____ as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities
错因分析:有些考生以为grown 是复合名词的中心词,其复数形式应该在grown 后面加-s ;另一方面认为responsibility 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,从而错选B 。其实,grown-up 没有中心名词,其复数形式应该在up 后面加’s ;同时根据语境可知,responsibility 指义务,该单词作" 义务,职责" 讲时,可作可数名词或不可数名词,故正确答案选C 。
拓展:复合名词的复数形式一般在中心名词后面加’s ,如:looker-on →
lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law ;但是当复合名词没有中心名词时,其复数形式是在最后的词后面加-s ,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between →
go-betweens 。
易错点2 名词的格的误用
【典例】 —Look! This is ______.
—Very beautiful. When did she take it?
A. my mother’s picture B. my mother in the picture
C. a picture of my mother D. a picture of my mother’s 错因分析:考生可能受汉语思维的影响,错选A 或B ;也可能受英语双重所有格的影响,错选D 。根据语境可知,正确答案选C 。
拓展:my mother’s picture,意为" 我妈妈所拥有的照片" ,暗含" 照片上不一定是我妈妈" ; a picture of my mother’s意为" 我妈妈所拥有的照片中的一张" ,同样,暗含" 照片上不一定是我妈妈" ; a picture of my mother意为" 我妈妈的照片(照片中是妈妈)" ;my mother in the picture意为" 照片中我的妈妈" ,暗含" 不是真实的妈妈" 。
易错点3 名词作定语的误用
【典例】 —Where does your sister work, Jack? —She works in a_______ .
A. shop of cloth B. cloth’s shop
C. shop with clothes D. clothes shop
错因分析:有些考生会因为对名词作定语的用法运用不当而错选B 。其实,clothes" 服装" 只有复数形式,而单数形式" 布店" 应用shop for cloth或cloth shop,因此,根据语境可知,正确答案选D 。
拓展:名词作定语时一般用其单数形式,然而,名词parents, clothes, sports等,作定语时必须要使用其复数形式。另外,man, woman作定语时,如果中心词是单数,则用其单数形式;如果中心词是复数,则用其复数形式。
易错点4 对不可数名词的应用判断失误
【典例】 —I find it very difficult to read_____ novel you lent me last week. —Yes. It’s necessary to have_____ good knowledge of history.
A. the;不填 B. a;不填 C. the; a D. a; a
错因分析:考生可能以为第一空是特指对方上周所借给" 我" 的小说,故应填定冠词;第二空后面是抽象名词,为不可数名词,不填冠词,于是错选A 。然而,此处knowledge 之前须用不定冠词,have a good knowledge of意为" 对……很了解" ,是固定搭配,故正确答案选C 。
拓展:英语中,有些抽象名词,如knowledge, history, failure, success, help, pleasure, surprise, honour等表示抽象概念时,其前面不用不定冠词,如:with
pleasure, in surprise等。但是,当表示具体的概念时,其前面须用不定冠词,也可以用其复数形式。
易错点5 对专有名词的应用判断失误
【典例】 —Do you know ____Li Ming?
—Li Ming? Which one? I know____ Li Ming in our class very well. He is Lei Feng of our times.
A. 不填;不填 B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
错因分析:有些考生可能以为两个空后面的名词都是人名,前面不用冠词,于是错选A 。然而,联系语境可知,答话者至少认识两个李明,而特指他班上的那个李明时前面须用定冠词;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修饰,说明是我们时代的特征,须用定冠词,故正确答案选D 。 拓展:人名前面加定冠词,指特定的某个人或某个人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠词,但是当指特定某时期的地方或某地的主要特征时,须用定冠词。如:China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New Y ork of China等。表姓氏的复数名词前面用定冠词表示夫妇两人或全家人,如:the Greens 。
易错点6 定冠词与不定冠词判断失误
【典例】 —When did you meet her last?
—I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was____Friday when I went to the shop to buy_____ football.
A. a; a B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. 不填;不填
错因分析:有些考生可能认为这两个空后面的名词前都不用冠词,从而错选D 。其实,指一个特定的星期几时前面须用不定冠词;表示一个足球时,前面也须用不定冠词,故正确答案选A 。
拓展:表星期几的名词前面一般不用冠词,但是当指某一个特定的星期几时,前面要加不定冠词。球类活动中,表球类的名词前不用冠词;音乐活动中,表乐器名称的名词前须用定冠词。但是,当它们不指活动,而是指具体的某件东西时,须用适当的冠词。
易错点7 冠词与零冠词应用判断失误
【典例】 —What do you think is the difference between____ man and ___woman?
—I don’t think there’s any difference.
A. the; the B. a; a C. 不填;不填 D. a; the
错因分析:有些考生可能认为,表示类别时,名词前面须用不定冠词或定冠词,于是错选A 或B 。其实,man, woman, mankind的单数表示类别时,用零冠词。因此,正确答案选 C 。
拓展:除了上述情况用零冠词外,下列几种情况也须用零冠词:表示家人(包括保姆、厨师、家庭教师在内)的名词前,但该类名词的首字母往往大写;表示种类的短语kind of, sort of, type of等后面的名词之前;在as / though引导的倒装让步状语从句中,放在句首的名词前;用by 表示交通方式的短语中等。
易错点8 受思维定式的制约
【典例】 —Remember that where and when____ two different English question words.
—I see, but can you tell us how to use them, sir?
A. be B. is C. are D. being
错因分析:有些考生没有弄清题意,就想当然地认为用where and when提问时,谓语动词用单数形式,于是错选B 。其实,这里是指where 和when 这两个特殊疑问词,故正确答案选 C 。
拓展:考生应该从思维定式中走出来,不要被一些假象所迷惑,而应该从实际语境出发,对题目进行仔细的考虑。
易错点9 典型数词的误用
【典例】 It is not rare in_____ that people in____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s;the B. the 90s;/ C. 90s;their D. the 90s;their
错因分析:考生很可能错选B 或C 。" 世纪" 和" 年代" 均为特指概念,故第一个空要用定冠词the ,表示特指,如:in the 1980s/1980’s(在20世纪80年代) ,in the 90s/90’s(在90年代) ,选项A 和C 首先被排除;又因为"in one’s+整十的基数词的复数形式" 为一个固定的结构,意为" 在某人几十多岁时" ,故 D 为本题的正确答案。 拓展:考生要注意当表示" 几十多岁" 时,要用整十的基数词的复数形式来表示。
易错点10 it 用作形式主语及形式宾语时判断失误
【典例】 I would appreciate if you could come and help me with my work.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
错因分析:很多考生认为this 或that 可以指代上文或下文所出现的内容,于是误选A 或C 。其实,用于指代后面整个句子的内容且作形式宾语时,只能用it ,于是正确答案选 B 。
拓展:在英语中,有些动词,如:appreciate, hate, like, dislike, make, put等后面不能直接跟从句,而要用it 作形式宾语。
易错点11 it, one, that, those, ones等的用法区别
【典例】 —Would you like to buy a car here?
—Yes, but I’d like to buy____ made in Shanghai.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
错因分析:许多考生认为此处应该用it 或that 指代说话双方所说的车,于是误选B 或C 。根据语境可知,上海制造了许多小汽车,答话者只想买其中的一辆,故正确答案选 A 。
拓展:指代上文提到的名词时,it 指代上文提到的那个东西,即同类同物;that 指代抽象的事物或上文提到的同类事物的另一件东西,可替代可数名词,也可替代不可数名词,表示特指;而one 指代上文提及事物中的其中一件,只能替代可数名词,表示泛指。
错点12 the other(s), other(s), another, the rest等的用法区别
【典例】 I have done much of the work. Could you please finish____ in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 错因分析:本题考生易误选D 项。其实本题是对the rest用法的考查。选项B 、C 均修饰可数名词,选项D 相当于"the other+可数名词复数" 结构,这三个选项用在本题中都不合适。the rest指代名词时,既可以指代可数名词复数,也可以指代不可数名词。在本题中,the rest指代不可数名词,相当于the rest of the work,故选项 A 为本题的正确答案。
拓展:当the rest作主语时,谓语动词单复数的使用要由the rest所指代的内容来决定。
易错点13 同级比较的用法易错点
【典例】
Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as_____ defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family.
A.clear B.clearer C.clearly D.more clearly
错因分析:考生易分辨不清词性而误选A 项。根据语法知识可知,as... as... 为同级比较结构,as 与as 之间要用形容词或副词的原级,故选项B 和D 首先被排除;又由于此处defined 作动词,它要用副词来修饰,故选项 C 为本题的正确答案。 拓展:在高考英语中,同级比较问题是一个常考点。其结构为:"so/as+玜dj./adv.(原级)+as...",其中的so... as... 结构只能用于否定结构中;而as... as... 结构既可以用于肯定结构中,又可以用于否定结构中,如:
She isn’t as/so nice as her sister. 她不像她姐姐那么好。
易错题,典型题(四)
易错点14 形容词和副词的一些固定用法的误用
【典例】—Have you been to New Zealand?
—No. I’d like to,_______ .
A.too B.though C.yet D.either
错因分析:分析句意可知,横线处应填一个表示转折关系的词,选项A 和D 首先被排除;yet 表示转折关系时,后应接一个从句,故选 B 项。
拓展:though 用作连词时,意为" 虽然" ,引导让步状语从句,通常可以与连词alth ough 互换,如: Though/Although they are poor, they are generous.尽管他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。
另外,though 还可以用作副词,意为" 然而" 或" 但是", 表示转折关系。它位于句尾时,其前通常要有一个逗号;当它位于句中时,其前后通常各用一个逗号,它的这种用法与副词however 一样。要注意,although 是没有这种用法的。
易错点15 几个情态动词的特殊用法易错点
【典例】 Don’t play with the dog, Jack, for it______be dangerous at times.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
错因分析:很多考生认为玩狗将很危险或者肯定很危险,从而误选A 或D 。其实,shall 用于第二、三人称表示" 允许,命令,警告,威胁" 等;should 表示" 应该" ;must 表示" 必须,一定" 等;而can 除了表示" 能,能够" 外,还可表示" (有时)会,可能会" 等。根据语境及情态动词的意义比较可知,正确答案选 C 。
拓展:情态动词can 在高考英语中的出现率很高,它的其他常考点为: can 可以表示能力,表示客观的可能性,表示请示和允许,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。用于肯定句中表推测时,指理论上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的发生。
易错点16动词的一般过去时与现在完成时误用
【典例】 —______ you read the story?
—Yes. I _____it at school.
A. Have; read B. Did; read
C. Have; have read D. Did; have read
错因分析:有些考生认为,两个人说话时,所用的时态应该是一致的,于是误选B 或C 。其实,问话者指的是结果,而答话者虽然强调的是地点,但是地点暗示动作发生在过去,于是正确答案选 A 。 拓展:动词时态的运用不仅要从时间状语上进行确定,而且还要从地点状语所暗示的时间关系上来推敲。如:
(1)表示过去时间的词或短语:yesterday, last night, last week, this morning, in 2006等。
(2)表示动作发生的地点:at home/school, in the factory, on one’s way to等。 易错点17 动词的一般过去时与过去进行时误用
【典例】—What did you do last night?
—I _____ my homework but nothing else.
A. did B. was doing C. has done D. had done
错因分析:有些考生看到上文提及的时间状语last night,马上想到用过去时,于是误选A 。其实,从后面的信息"but nothing else"可以看出,回话者强调昨晚一直在做作业,于是正确答案选B 。 拓展:过去时表示过去已经做了的事情,常与过去时间状语连用,暗含完成;过去进行时也可与过去时间状语连用,但是强调在过去某时间内一直在做某事,没有做别的事,但不一定完成。如:
I read the story last night. 我昨晚看了这个故事。
I was reading the story last night. 我昨晚一直在看这个故事。
易错点18 忽视标志性的时间状语
【典例】—I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ______ now.
A.has been questioned B.is being questioned
C.is questioning D.has questioned
错因分析:考生易误选A 项,认为题目中的and 为一个并列连词,与其前面的时态应该一致。由题目中的标志性时间状语now 可知,横线处应用进行时态,又由于动词question 与主语a man之间为动宾关系,故选项B 为本题的正确答案。
拓展:注意,并列连词and 前后要求接相同的结构,如:
My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He worked there for a few months and then went to America.
我堂兄两年前去了加拿大。他在那里工作了几个月,然后去了美国。
但有时须根据具体的语境来判断(如本题)。
易错点19 主动语态与被动语态误用
【典例】It’s said that a car accident ______ on the highway this morning.
A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. has been happened
错因分析:有些考生认为,物作主语时,句子用被动语态,于是误选C 。其实,happen 为不及物动词,没有被动形式,故正确答案选B 。
拓展:在英语中,不及物动词,如:happen, occur, take place等不能用于被动语态。此外,有些及物动词,如:sell, read, write, wash等可用作不及物动词,主动形式后接副词作状语,表示事物的性质、状况等。如:
The passage reads easily. 这篇文章容易读。
易错点20 忽视逻辑关系和语境关系
【典例】I _____in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A.lived B.was living C.have lived D.had lived
错因分析:考生很容易误选C 项,这是因为考生不了解一般过去时态与现在完成时态的区别。若用C 项,原句则表示" 目前(说话时),人还在伦敦居住" ,但这与but 分句句意" 但到目前为止我也没有后悔最终回国的决定" 相矛盾。而选项A 表示" 过去在伦敦住了多年,现在已经不在那里了" ,故正确答案为A 。
拓展:在英语中,一般过去时态与现在完成时态在用法上有很大的不同。现在完成时态和一般过去时态的主要区别在于前者与现在有关,并且对现在还有一定的影响;而后者仅单纯地谈过去的事情,与现在没有任何联系。
易错点21 其他一些结构的误用
【典例】Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to______before the party.
A. get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
错因分析:考生很有可能误选D 项。在英语中,除了可以用be 构成被动语态,也可以用get 来构成被动语态,这里的get changed相当于get dressed,意为 "换 衣服" 。故答案为A 项。
拓展:get done在很多时候还可以表示不好的事情。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car. 易错点22 意义相近的结构混用
【典例】He told us an interesting story about himself, ____why he didn’t succeed that time.
A. explain B. to explain C. explained D. explaining
错因分析:很多考生会认为此处应用不定式结构表示目的,从而误选B 。其实,考生没有注意到前后两部分间的逗号,逗号后面部分表示一种伴随状况。正确答案为D 项。
拓展:不定式作目的状语时,位于句首,常用逗号与后面句子分开,而位于句末时常不用逗号与前面句子分开。作结果状语时,不定式表示一种出乎意料之外的结果;而动词-ing 形式表示事情发展的一种自然结果。如:
I hurried to the airport, (only) to find that the plane had taken off.
我匆匆忙忙赶到机场,结果发现飞机起飞了。
He was working very hard last year, passing the test successfully.
去年他一直努力学习,顺利通过了这个测试。
易错点23 连词与分词的连用错误
【典例】Children will work actively if ______.
A. praise B. praised C. praising D. to praise
错因分析:有些考生会认为if 后要用动词-ing 形式,或用不定式表示还未发生的行为,于是误选C 或D 。其实,这是条件状语从句的省略形式,根据主语与动词的关系可知,孩子们受到表扬,于是正确答案选B 。
拓展:在时间、条件、让步、比较等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且谓语部分含有be 动词时,则可将从句的主语与be 动词同时省略。如:
The old man will be very excited when talking (=he is talking) about his past experiences. She will be unhappy if (she is) criticized.
易错点24 with 复合结构
【典例】With his work _____on time, he felt very excited.
A. to be finished B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 错因分析:许多考生会认为," 工作" 与" 完成" 之间为动宾关系,从而误选A 。其实,不定式表示要做的事情,而过去分词表示已经完成的事情。根据句子内容可知,工作已经完成,于是正确答案选D 。
拓展:在"with + n + 非谓语动词" 结构中,非谓语动词可以是不定式、动词-ing 形式、动词-ed 形式等。不定式主动形式表被动意义,暗含将要做的事情;动词-ing 形式表示名词发出的动作;动词-ed 形式表示名词承受的动作,暗含过去已经完成。如: With so much work to do, I’m afraid I can’t go to your party.
With Li Ping helping me, I finished my work on time.
With his pen lost, he borrowed one from me.
易错点25 逻辑主语的判断错误
【典例】In order to improve English,________.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
错因分析:考生很有可能误选A 项或D 项。其实,in order to improve English可以看成是to improve English的变形,根据语法知识可知,主句的主语为人,选项C 和D 可以首先被排除。再由句意可知,选项B 为正确答案。
拓展:动词不定式的逻辑主语为执行不定式to do这个动作的人或物。动词不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语、宾语,有时还可以是介词for 或of 的宾语。如: Jack is late again. It is typical of him to keep others waiting.
易错点26 独立主格结构的判断错误
【典例】Seeing her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag ______ behind her.
A. flying B. flew C. to fly D. was flying
错因分析:有些考生会把后面部分当做一个句子,而句子缺少谓语动词,于是误选B 或D 。其实,前后两部分之间是逗号,说明后面部分不是句子。然而,选项C 表示还未发生的动作,显然与语境不符,因此正确答案选A 。
拓展:在英语中,一般说来,非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,就必须在其非谓语动词之前加上适当的名词或代词。这样," 名词或代词+非谓语动词" 就构成了独立主格结构,在句子中作状语。
易错题,典型题(五)
1. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
解析:此题的时间参照点是before I joined them,,所以第一个空应该用过去完成进行时,第二个空根据时间now 用现在进行时。
答案:A
2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ___cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.
A. of which the top B. the top is C. the top of which D. with its top 解析:此题是独立主格结构,如果题干改为____is cut off,答案则为A 或C
答案:A.C
3. ______ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what 解析:用还原法则为It is what that has made Peter what he is today可知是强调句式。 答案:D
4. Before he went abroad,he spent as much time as he _____ English.
A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could to learn
解析:spend time (in) doing sth如果改为he did what he ______,则答案为could to learn. 答案:D
5. The person we talked about ____ our school last week.
A .visiting B .will visit C .visited D .has visited
解析:此题中包含一个定语从句,the person既作先行词,又作句子的主语,要填入的应该是句子的谓语,根据后面的时间状语为last week,应选过去时。句中包含的定语从句we talked about中about 虽为介词,但不影响主句的谓语,故应选C 。
答案:C 拓展:观察下面三个句子:
□The person we spoke to ____ no answer at first.
A .making B .makes C .make D .made
此题中也包含一个定语从句we spoke to,the person既作先行词,又作句子的主语,要填入的应该是句子的谓语,根据句子的需要,应选过去时。本题中的to 为陷阱,实际上它属于定语从句中,而不影响主句的谓语动词。故D 正确。
□The person we referred to(提及)____ us a report tomorrow.
A .giving B .will give C .gave D .give
同上题一样,句中包含定语从句we referred to,所缺成份为句子的谓语,又根据句中的tomorrow ,故用将来时。选B 。 □The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon.
A .coming B .will come C .came D .have come
同理,此句中的定语从句包含短语look forward to,虽然to 为介词,但并不影响主句的谓语动词,只是一个陷阱而矣。又根据句中的soon ,应用将来时,故选B 。
6. Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A. whose B. its C. which D. that
解析:此题关键是理解seated 这个单词,它是过去分词,而不是作谓语的过去式。它不能在句中谓语。所以后面句子不是一个非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,故选代词its 。 答案:B
7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.
A. that B. in which C. / D. why
解析:此题中先行词the way后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选A 。如果先行词the way有从句中充当状语,则可以用that, in which或省略。
答案:A
8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, ____ the children respect but are afraid of.
A. / B. that C. for whom D. one whom
解析:替代词one 在句中作同位语,代指father ,后面再接一个定语从句。先行词one 又在从句中充当宾语。
答案:D
9. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? --- _____. And how I wish to go there again!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
解析:注意题中最后一个单词again (看三遍!)。不要误选为D 。答案应为A 。全句的句意为“你没有去过北京,是不是?”“不,我去过。我多么想再一次去那里。”
答案:A
10. Not only ______the jewelry she ____been sold for her son’s gambling debts but also her house.
A. is; has B. has; had C. has; has D. 不填; has
解析:此题中由于Not only置于句首,故用部分倒装结构。第一个has 助动词,是句中谓语动词has been sold中has 的提前。第二个has 为实义动词,属于定语从句中,表示“有”的意思。本句的意思为:不但是她所有的珠宝而且还有她的房子一起已经被卖掉作为她儿子的赌债了。
答案:C
11. We should do more such exercises in the future,I think,_____ those we did yesterday.
A. as B. like C. about D. than
解析:此题前面有more, 根据题意,应该选D 。
答案:D 拓展:比较:
□We should do such exercises in the future, I think, _____ we did yesterday. 此题应选A 因为we did yesterday是句子,所以用连词as
□The teacher suggested that we should do _____ what he did yesterday.
此题应选B 因为what we did yesterday是名词性从句,所以用介词like
12. He will tell you _____ he expects will win such a match.
A. why B. whom C. which D. who
解析:此题中的he expects是插入语,可以去掉。Who 在宾语从句中充当主语。 答案:D
13. Who would you rather ______ the report instead of you?
A. have write B. have to write C. write D. have written
解析:此题还原为You would rather have who write the report instead of you.
答案:A
知识点:句式为:have sb do sth
14. Who would you rather ______ you repair your CD player?
A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help
解析:此题还原为You would rather who helped you repair your CD player.
答案:B
知识点:句式为:would rather sb did sth是虚拟语气
15. We’ll be free tomorrow,so I suggest ______ to the history museum.
A. to visit B. visiting C. we should visit D. a visit
解析:suggest 的句式为:
suggest sb (should) do sth是虚拟语气
suggest doing sth
suggest sth to sb
答案:D
16. I like swimming,while what my brother enjoys ______.
A. cooking B. to cook C. is cooking D. cook
解析:what my brother enjoys是名词性从句做主语
答案:C
17. — How long have you been here? — ______ the end of last month,
A. In B. By C. At D. Since
解析:since 引导的介词短语和现在完成时连用
答案:D
18. ______ nice ,the food was all eaten up soon.
A. Tasting B. Taste C. Tasted D. To taste
解析:taste 是系动词, 没有被动语态
答案:A (表示原因)
拓展:对比:
____ nice, the food should be made by adding more sugar. 此题应选D ,表示条件。
19. He was sentenced to death ______ what he has stolen from the bank.
A. that B. since C. because D. because of
解析:what he has stolen from the bank是名词性从句,所以应该用介词because of
答案:D
20. —What do you think of the concert? —I really enjoy it. I didn’t expect it was ____ wonderful. A. as B. more C. most D.very
解析:这是一个省略句,承接上文,省略了as I had thought。
答案:A
21. I have no dreams ____ to have a happy life.
A. rather than B. more than C. other than D. less than
解析:other than的意思是除了而rather than的意思是而不是
答案C
22. —Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady. —But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You ____believe it!
A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D.needn’t
解析:本题主要考查情态动词的意义和用法。选项A 表示建议;选项B 表示推测;选项C 表示禁止;选项D 表示需求。根据句子的意思,本题正确答案为B 。
答案B
23. I’d try even if I may fail _____ sit there worrying in time of trouble.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
解析:考查than 短语。rather than:而不是。
答案:A
24. He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the bus.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
解析:此题的最佳答案不是B ,而是C ,其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the bus用做伴随状语,即一边跑一边希望能赶上汽车。但是,如果选B ,将to hope to catch the bus视为目的状语行不行呢?不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”,而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”,换句话说,将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因,
答案:C
拓展:下面一题也应选hoping : He studied as hard as he could _____ to enter a good college.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
25. He had a lot of friends, none of _____ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
解析: none of whom could ...为非限制性定语从句
答案A
拓展:对比:He had a lot of friends, but none of _____ could lend him any money.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
此题选B ,由于句中有并列连词 but ,整个句子为并列句,因此选them
He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____ translated into a foreign language.
A. them B. which C . it D. what
同学们看了上面一题的分析后,也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 B ,理由是none 前没有并 列连词 and 或 but ,但这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A ,注意此句与上面一句有着本 质的不同,即此句的 translated 不是谓语,而是一个非谓语动词(过去分词),所以逗号
后面其实不是一个完整的句子,而是一个独立结构。假若在 translated 前加一个助动词 w as ,则此题应选(which),构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心,千万 不要想当然,更不要受思维定势的影响。