材料概论复习题
金属
Ch1 introduction
Basic lattice arrangements 常见的晶格类型
Body-centered cubic (BCC) 体心立方结构
Face-centered cubic (FCC) 面心立方结构
Close-packed hexagonal(CPH) 密排六方结构
Imperfections in crystal lattices 晶体结构中的缺陷
Dislocation 位错 vacancy 空位 grain boundary 晶界
Ch2-1 structure and properties of steels
Low-carbon steel 低碳钢 medium-carbon steel 中碳钢 high-carbon steel 高碳钢
Silion 硅 Manganese 镁 Sulphur 硫 Phosphorus 磷 Nickel 镍 Chromium 铬
Ferrum 铁 Molybdeum 钼
Ferrite 铁素体 Cementite 渗碳体 Pearlite 珠光体 Austenite 奥氏体
Martensite 马氏体 allotropic forms 同素异形体
*1.Iron-carbon phase diagram
2.Tensile strength VS. Carbon content
3.transformation of Austenite
*4.Selection of iron and steel
Iron-carbon phase diagram 铁碳相图
Ch2-2(热处理,有一个翻译题) heat treatmen of steels
Eutectoid steels 低共熔钢 annealing 退火 normalizing 正火 hardening/quenching 淬火 tempering 回火 full annealing 完全退火
spheroidizing 球化退火 stree relief 去应力退火 hardenability 可淬性
Know how to describe/ elucidate
*1.Roles of heat treatment
*2.Roles of TTT diagrams
3.Understand why grain size controls hardenability
4.Understand why carbon steels with low carbon content (
5.Understand why hardening and tempering like peas and carrots(形影不离)
Ch2-3(腐蚀,翻译) stainless steels
Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀
Austenitic stainless steels奥氏体不锈钢
Ferritic stainless steels 铁素体不锈钢
Martensitic stainless steels 马氏体不锈钢
Duplex stainless steels 双向不锈钢
Precipitation hardening stainless steels 沉淀硬化不锈钢
Understand
1.why chromium is crucial instainless steels
2.Why stainless steels usually have low carbon content
3.Selection of steels
Ch5
Fiber-matrix 纤维基质 metal-matrix 金属基质 ceramic-matrix 陶瓷基质 polymers-matrix 高分子基质 interface 界面 composites 复合材料
Carbon/ carbon composites碳碳复合材料
particulate/particle reinforced composites 颗粒增强复合材料
fiber reinforced composites 纤维增强复合材料
rules of mixtures(ROM)混合定律
1. Advantages of composites
2. Why composites are so important
3. Why people developed composites
4. Why fiber-reinforced composite matenala possess high specific strength
陶瓷
作业1
1. What is ceramics?
2. What advantages and disadvantages do ceramics have over other materials?
作业2
1. What are advanced ceramics?
2. What are the differences between traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics?
作业3
1.What advantages do ceramics have in biomaterial application?
2.What is biocompatibility?
3.What is bioactive ceramics? bioinert ceramics?
作业4
1. List some examples of ceramics for structural application?
2. What are main strengthening and toughening mechanisms in structural ceramic materials?
3. What applications do ceramics have in electronic fields?
ceramics 陶瓷 advanced ceramics先进陶瓷 artificial joints 人造关节
alumina ceramics 氧化铝陶瓷 borides 硼化物 ball bearings 球(状)轴承 bioceramics 生物陶瓷 bioinert ceramics生物惰性陶瓷
bioactive ceramics 生物活性陶瓷 biocompatibility 生物相容性
bioglass 生物玻璃 corrosion-resistance 抗腐蚀性 carbides 碳化物
ceramics matrix composite 陶瓷基质复合材料 cutting tool 切削工具
electrical property 电性质 engine components 发动机配件
electronic ceramics 电子陶瓷 functional ceramics功能陶瓷
grinding tool 磨具 filters 滤器 fuel cells 燃料电池
glass ceramics 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃 inorganic 无机的 implants 植入管 integration 综合,集成 laser crystals 激光晶体 magnetic property 磁性 mechanical property 机械性
能 magnetic ceramics磁性陶瓷
microstructural design微观结构设计 miniaturization 微型化 modelling 铸模 nonmetallic 非金属的 nitrides 氮化物 nanotechnology 纳米技术
numerical simulation 数字模拟 optical property 光学性能 oxidation-resistance 抗氧化
性 oxides 氧化物 structural ceramics 结构陶瓷 silicates 硅酸盐 superconductor 超导体 sensor 传感器 solid-state batteries固体电池 traditional ceramics 传统陶瓷
thermal property 热学性能
zirconium-dioxide ceramics氧化锆陶瓷
高分子
作业1
1. Translate the following phrases:
(1) polystyrene 聚苯乙烯PS
(2) poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基苯烯酸甲酯PMMA
(3) number-average relative molecular mass 数均分质质量
(4) 聚氯乙烯 Poly(vinyl chloride)
(5) 重复单元 repeat unit
2. What is the difference between thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers?
3. Please give the concept of linear, branched, crosslinked and network polymers and their relationship with thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers.
作业2
1.Please point out one kind of the secondary force in polysaccharides or protein
2.Please give two typical natural polymers and their applications.
作业3
1. Please tell the mostly possible synthesis mechanism of LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS and PVC.
2. Please give the chemical structure of PE (LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE), PP, PS and PVC, and their possible applications.
作业4
1.What are nylon and PET generally applied as? How about the linkage in their backbones respectively?
2.What are biodegradable polyesters?
3.What about opoxy resin systems?
4.What polymers are synthesized from bispheol A?
Amorphous 无定形的 artificial organ 人造器官
absorbable and nonabsorbable可吸收的和不可吸收的biomateial 生物材料 cellulose 纤维素 chitosan 壳聚糖 crystallinity 结晶度 collagen 胶原蛋白 configuration 结构,构型 controlled drug delivery药物控制释放 conductive polymer导电性高分
子 esterification reaction 酯化反应 elastomer 高弹体 engineering plastic工程塑料 extrusion 挤出 heterochain polymer杂链聚合物 hydrogen-bonding 氢
键 high-density polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯
high-impact polystyrene高冲击强度聚苯乙烯 kidney dialysis 肾透析
low-density polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯lithium-polymer battery 锂聚合物电池
liquid crystal display液晶显示 metallocene catalyst 茂金属催化剂
morphology 形态学 microfiltration 微滤 matural polymer 天然聚合物 nylon 尼
龙 nanofiltration 纳滤膜 orthopedic implant 整形外科植入 polyethylene 聚乙
烯 polyesters 聚脂 polyether 聚醚 polyurethane 聚氨酯 polysaccharide 多糖 polyolefin聚烯烃 polypropylene 聚丙烯 processability加工性能 poly(vinylidene chloride) 聚偏二氯乙烯( PVDC) plasticizer 塑化剂
poly(ethylene terephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯 polysiloxane 聚硅氧烷 poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
polymeric membrane 高分子膜 phase inversion 相反转 polyglycolide 聚乙二
醇 poly(ethylene glycol)聚乙二醇polyacetylene 聚乙炔 polypyrrole 聚吡咯 polyaniline聚苯胺 reverse osmosis反渗透 repeating unit 重复单元 semicrystalline material 半结晶材料 solvent evaporation溶剂蒸发 suture 缝合线 thermoplastic polymer热塑性塑
料 thermosetting polymer 热固性塑料
tissue engineering scaffold 组织工程支架 tissue implant 组织植入
ultrafiltration 超滤作用 vulcanization 硫化 viscosity 粘性