不定式用作独立成分

不定式用作独立成分

不定式做插入语时，往往是用做评注性状语。

To start with, we have this correct leadership of the Party.首先，我们有党的正确领导。

To conclude, I wish you a happy New Year.最后，祝您新年快乐。 He can speak English, to say nothing of Chinese.他会说英语，更别提中文了。

I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make matters worse, it began to rain.

Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he hardly passed the last exam.

Tom, not towake up others, walked into his quietly.

He can speak English, not to mention Chinese.

=He can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.

=He can speak English, let alone Chinese.

下面是常见用作插入语的动词不定式短语：

to be brief 简单地说

to be sure 的确；当然

to be frank with you 坦白地对你说

to be fair 说句公道话；公平而论

to be honest诚实地说

to be truthful诚实地说

to be precise准确地说

to tell/say/speak the truth 老实说/坦白地说

to do one justice 公平地说

to begin with 首先

to tell the truth 老实说

to do one justice 公平地说

to begin with 首先

to speak candidly坦率地说

to make matters worse 更糟糕的是

to make a long story short简单的说/长话短说

to cut a long story short简单地说

to sum up 总之

to put it mildly说得委婉些

to put it briefly 简而言之

to put it another way换个说法

so to speak 可以说

to say nothing of 不用说; ……更不用提了

to say nothing of=not to speak of(这两个可用在肯定句或否定句)=let alone=not to mention=without mentioning=much less much more(=still more)及even more只用于肯定句

much less(=still less)及even less只用于否定句

(I’m) sad to say说来悲哀

glad to say说来高兴

strange to say 说也奇怪

needless to say不用说

hard to say

不定式作独立成分·表顺序

不定式用作独立成分通常为一些固定短语，其中一个用法就是表顺序： ■to begin with 第一，首先；起初，开始时

To begin with, it is too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 首先，天气太冷，再者我们也没有钱。

I’m not going. To begin with I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play. 我不去， 一来我没票，二来我不喜欢这出戏。

■to start with 第一，首先；起初，开始时

To start with we haven’t enough money and secondly we’re too busy. 一来我们的钱不够 二来我们没时间。

The club had only six members to start with. 这个俱乐部最初只有六个成员。

不定式作独立成分·表让步

不定式用作独立成分通常为一些固定短语，其中一个用法就是表让步： ■not to mention 更不用说，还不算

He can speak French, German and Japanese, not to mention English. 他会说法语，德语和日语, 更不用说英语。

There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention [without mentioning] the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙，还不算小孩。

■to say nothing of 姑且不讲，更不用说，何况

You’ve wasted eight hours’ time, to say nothing of the material. 你浪费了八个钟头的时间，还不说材料。

He had to go to prison for a month to say nothing of the fine. 他得入狱一个月 更不用说罚款了。

■to put it mildly 说得轻些，不夸张地说，说得婉转些

To put it mildly, she’s just a bit inquisitive. 说得轻些，她只是有点爱打听。

■to say the least 至少可以这样说，不夸张地说，说得轻些

The evidence for all these charges seems, to say the least, unlikely to prove convincing in court. 所有这些指控的证据，说得婉转些，在法庭上似乎不大可能令人信服。

To say the least, their techniques are old-fashioned. 说得再轻一点，他们的工艺至少太老了。

不定式作独立成分·表总结

不定式用作独立成分通常为一些固定短语，其中一个用法就是表总结： ■to be brief 简言之

To be brief, he was happy with the result. 简言之，他对这个结果感到高兴。

■to conclude 最后，总而言之

To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my family. 最后，我要感谢我的家人。

To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life. 最后，祝大家健康长寿。

■to cut a long story short 长话短说

To cut a long story short, we said, ‘No!’ 长话短说吧，我们没有同意。

To cut a long story short, he beat them one by one. 长话短说，他把他们一个个地打败了。

■to make a long story short 长话短说

To make a long story short, we agreed to disagree. 长话短说，我们同意各自保留不同的看法。

■to sum up总而言之

To sun up, most of the committee members supported the idea but a few were against it. 总之，大多数委员支持这一想法，但是也有几个委员反对。

不定式作独立成分·表真诚

不定式用作独立成分通常为一些固定短语，其中一个用法就是表真诚： ■to be fair 说句公平话

To be fair, he wasn’t entirely to blame. 说句公道话，这不能全怪他。

■to be (perfectly) frank 坦率地讲

To be perfectly frank, you’ re a bad driver. 非常坦率地说，你车开得不好。

To be frank with you, I don’t like the way you talk. 坦白说，我不喜欢你说话的方式。

■to be honest说老实话，老实说

To be honest, I just don’t like him. 说老实话，我就是不喜欢他。 To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning. 说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。

■to do sb justice 说句对某人公道的话

To do her justice, we must admit that she did deserve to win. 说句公道话，我们得承认她应该获胜。

■to tell (you) the truth 老实说，说真的，说实话

To tell the truth, I fell asleep in the middle. 老实说，我在中间睡着了。

To tell you the truth, we don’t have a very good opinion of him. 说真心话我们对他的印象不太好。

不定式作独立成分·综合用法

■so to speak可以说，可谓

The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family. 那狗可以说是家庭的一员了。

He is, so to speak, the brains of the organization. 他可说是这个机构的大脑。

■to be exact 精确地说

He’s in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact. 他五十多岁；嗯，确切地说是五十六岁。

It happened late last century in 1995, to be exact. 事情发生在上个世纪末——准确地说，在1995年。

■to be sure 无可否认，诚然

He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。

He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working. 他聪明是聪明，但是不怎么勤奋。

■to make matters [things] worse 更糟的是

To make matters worse, he refused to apologize. 更糟的是，他拒不道歉。

To make matters [things] worse, it started to snow when evening came. 更糟糕的是，夜幕降临时，天开始下起雪来了。