名词变复数的规则及习题(五年级)
名词变复数
名词变复数规则变化及发音:
1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ; eg :book→books;desk →desks ;pen→pens;car→cars
s 遇t 读浊辅音[ts],遇d 读清辅音[dz] eg :friend→friends; cat→cats;
2. 、以s 、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的单词,在该词末尾加上-es ;读音规则:读[iz];
eg :bus→buses; box→boxes; watch →watch ches; dish→dishes
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y 变为i ,再加-es ;读音规则:读[z]。
eg :fly→flies; bab y→babies; 元音字母加y 结尾的单词直接加s ;eg :toy→toys;boy→boys;
4、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,要将-f 或-fe 变为-v ,再加es ;读音规则:读[vz];
eg :knife→knives;leaf→leaves;
5、以-o 结尾的名词,初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es ,其余都加-s ;读音规则:读[z]。
eg :tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→heroes 英雄; Negro —Negroes 口诀:“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿” 其余eg :zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos;
名词变复数不规则变化:
1. 单词内部发生变化:口诀―oo常常变ee ,男人女人a 变e‖
eg :foot→feet脚;tooth→teeth牙齿;man→men男人;woman→women女人;
2. 单复数相同:―羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家‖
eg :sheep→sheep绵羊;fish→fish鱼;deer→deer鹿;
3. 不规则变化:child →children孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;German→Germans德国人;
4―某国人‖的复数有三种类型: 口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S 加后边”
(1)Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s ;
(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men ;
(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s 。如:Americans, Australians,
二. 不可数名词:
⒈不可数名词概念:不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的
物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。
⒉不可数名词特点:
⑴不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a, an及数词连用,常作单数看待。
例: water There’s some water in the bottle.
food My favourite food is noodles.
⑵不可数名词如表数量,常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改
为复数。
例:a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁,
three cups of tea 三杯茶 ,a piece of paper一张纸
⑶有些物质名词有时可数,有时不可数,要根据上下文决定,其意义也有所不同。
A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。(玻璃杯可数,玻璃不可数。)
I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon.
特殊名词的讲解:
⑴people 作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s 。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes ,pyjamas 等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。
例:My favourite clothes are pants. These pyjamas are too small.
⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts,scissors 等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。
例:Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数。
His family is a large family. His family like animals.
指整体 指成员
⑸有的名词单复数意思不同:
例:hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果, 水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式.
Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。
一、请写出下列词的复数形式。(1’*50=50’)
this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________
dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________ strawberry_________ peach________sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________ ox___________deer____________ fish___________
二、单项选择 (1’*10=10’)
( )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth B. water
C. flowers
( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A. foots B. feet C. feets
( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese
B Americans, Japanese
C. American, Japanese
( )5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish B. book C. horse
( )6. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
( )7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans
( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths
( )9.I saw many _____ in the street.
A.peoples B.people C.people’s
( )10.The green sweater is his _________.
A.brother B.brothe rs C.brother’s
三、选择填空 (1’*10=10’)
( )1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries
C. a country D. countrys
( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes
C. tomato D. the tomato
( )3. They are______.
A . woman teachers
B. women teachers
C. women teacher
D. woman teacher
( )4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water
B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters
D. two glasses of waters
( )5. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German
B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany
D. Germans, Germany
( )6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A. knifes pencil-boxes
B. knives pencils-box
C. knives pencil-box
D. knives pencils-boxes
( )7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling
B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel
D. The Greens, traveling
( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people
C. peoples D. the peoples
( )9. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges
C. rice D. eggs
( )10.My uncle has three _______.
A.child B.childs
C.children D.childrens
四. 填入所给名词的正确形式(2’*10=20’)
1.I have two____________ (knife)
2.There are many ___________ here. (box)
3.There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)
4.A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5.The ______________ are playing football now. (child)
6.Please take two _______________ for me. (photo)
7.I like the red ________________.(tomato)
8.Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)
9.Do you want some _________? (milk)
10.There are ten __________ _________in our school. (woman teacher)