初中英语阅读专题

初 中 英 语 阅 读 理 解 解 题 技 巧

阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务。初中“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。要求学生能较快地通过阅读，理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，并做出正确判断。

一、初中阅读理解考查的主要内容。

首先，初中英语试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。

其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。

最后，从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：

(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。

(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。此类猜测词义的题目，要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。

(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系。

(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题思想，标题或目的。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。

二、阅读理解题的解题技巧。

明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。

1．获取段落的主旨和大意。最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。

在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：1）主题句在段首。这种情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。2）主题句在段末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。

2．根据上下文猜测词义。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。

猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑： 1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：根据定义或解释猜测词义；根据并列、同位关系猜测词义；根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。 2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。 3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。

3、确定细节和事实。在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：

（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。

（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。

4．进行合理推断。所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

初中英语阅读试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。 中考英语阅读新题型如何攻克四大难点：

1、单词不认识

很多人都有这种感觉，平时课本上的单词自己都掌握了，为什么遇到阅读还是有很多看不懂呢？尤其考试有种题型，就是考单词意思的。其他题目虽然不直接考，但也是与那些“生词”有关的。

一般而言，这类问题被归结为单词量不够。要解决这个问题，是不是就要多背单词呢？单词是要背，但是要背到要点上。中考大纲，英语的要求是1600字，初中生的阅读要求是200，000字，高中生约300，000字。这些阅读材料中的单词必然是以大纲中的1600为主，而剩余的，阅读中允许的3%的生词则是在英语约300，000的总单词量中去选取。要想靠背诵完全解决生词问题，从这里看似乎不大实际。这里我有一点想法，

第一，不是每个生词都是必须看懂的。英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的，而他们也大多属于专有名词，表示人名，地名，事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO.遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。

第二，有的词是乔装过的。学英语的人都知道，英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母，就会变成另一个词。如，regular——irregular，kind——kindness，前者通过加-ir变成其否定形式，后者通过在后面加-ness，变成了名词。归纳起来，一般说前缀变词义（如肯否定），后缀变词性。只要记住这个原则，平时在学习时有意识地去检验，积累各种加前后缀的形式，你的单词量将是以倍数增加。

第三，有的词是有“前科”的。就阅读这个题型而言，有的词是在文章中有提示的。英语写作有个潜在的规则，词语若非不得已，不要重复。这是同学们写作时，老师告诉大家的话，而这也是，大家做的阅读材料的作者在上学时，他的老师告诉他的话。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构平行处找到线索，或是反义词，或是近义词。根据文章的具体情况，同学们不难做出一个比较有针对性的选择。

第四，有些词是必学的。这里说得必学的就是，大纲要求的单词（如初中的1600词），平时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词。这些词是同学们发挥才智，施展所有做题技巧的基础。在学这些单词时，要做到，有方法、有计划、有恒心。这里我提供一个自己觉得不错的方法，单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，不用太急，一天5个，一周五天，一天总复习，一天总默写检查。平时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把它们都记下来，划入单词表计划。生活中多观察，新闻，公示语，商标都是提高英语词汇的窗口。

3、文章看不完

考试时时间总是过得太快，阅读又经常是花时间最多的题型。在我自己上学过程中不管是平时的测验，还是中考，高考，交卷时总有同学还在忙着从阅读没做完的遗憾中醒来，匆忙地把答案写在答题卡上。要是问起原因，得到的答案大多数都是，“阅读花了太多时间。”提高阅读速度大致有这样几条小建议：

第一，平时多读，多读好处有很多，如（1）考试时能够不紧张，以平和的心态，正常的速度完成。（2）总结做题技巧，如定位法，上下文联系法，排除法等。（3）提高反应速度，我们看到一个生词需要花一定的时间去反应，当一个人经常见到某个词时，他对这个词的反应速度必定会很快。假如一个词的反应时间能通过多读缩短0.1秒，一篇文章会节省多少时间，一份试卷，有能节约多少时间呢？

第二，考试时少读。考试时的阅读如果归类于平时练习的题型，它更侧重泛读。考试考察的是同学们在规定时间内找到要求的信息的能力，不是复述文章细节的能力。那考试时读什么呢？大致有一下几类：（1）中心句，中心段（首尾）。（2）转折句。（3）问题中出现的词，尤其是一些很有特点的词，如专有名词。在文段中快速找到相应词语所在位置。问题的答案往往就在附近。也许这也像是一句老话那样，“毒蛇出没的地方，七步之内必有解药。”

第三，平时多去积累不同题型的解决方法。如细节题——定位法，观点题——中心句法。在考试中遇到题目，能够对症下药。

4、题目做不对

考试后，总会有同学说，“文章我都看懂了，怎么还错这么多呀？”这时候与其去怀疑答案的权威性，还不如静下心好好分析一下，我真看懂了吗？我看懂的是问题问的内容吗？

如果没真的看懂，是什么原因，如果是上面三条之一，不妨试试上面的一些方法。

A

Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.

He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”

“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”

He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.

But four days later, he returned home.

“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?” “Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”

“Oh. What?”

“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”

“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”

“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”

“Lucky you!”

“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.” “A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”

“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!”

1.How did Henry find out about the farm?

A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him.

C. He wrote to the farmer. D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.

2. Henry came back home several days later because ______________.

A. he didn't like the country life at all B. the farmer wasn’t friendly to him

C. his holiday was over D. he thought he might have to eat the farmer

3. “…and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means __________.

A.夸奖 B.说三道四 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虚

4.Which of the following sentences is true?

A. Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.

B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.

C. Henry couldn't think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.

D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.

5.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time.

C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.

B

You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s telling him where to go．He’s

sure that they need to turn 1eft．But she says it’s not for another two blocks．Who has the better

sense of direction?Men or women?

They both do,a new study says．but in different ways．

Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding their

way．Men look quickly at landmarks f地标)and head off in what they think is the right direction

Women．however．try to picture the whole route in detail and then f01low the path in their head，

“Women tend to be more detailed．”said Edward Cornell，who led the study。“while men

tend to be a little bit faster and„a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)”

In fact．said Cornell．“sense of direction”isn’t one skill but two．

The first is the“survey method，’．This is when you see an area from above，such as a printed

map You can see．for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the

supermarket is on its right

The second skill is the“route method”This is when you use a series of directions．Yon start

from the hospital．then turn 1eft．turn right，go uphill—and then you see the supermarket．

Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route

and follow directions

Both work．and neither is better

Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history．They argue it is because

of the difference in traditional roles．

In ancient times．young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt The trip

took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places．The only way to know where you were was to

use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains．the 1akes and so on．

The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These

activities were much closer to home but required learning well—used paths．So，women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes

1 When finding his way Dad tends to rely on_______

A his intuitive knowledge

B his book knowledge．

C Mum's assistance．

D the police's assistance，

2 Women are more likely to use________

A the survey method

B the traditional method．

C the route method

D the right method．

3 Which works better,the route method or the survey method?

A The survey method

B The route method．

C Either．

D Neither

4 Which of the following is NOT a landmark?

A Along river．

B A high mountain．

C A magnificent church

D A path in your head

5 Women developed a sense of space out of the need

A to go fishing．

B to go hunting．

C to learn well-used paths．

D to go swimming

C.

As we know, Xiao Shenyang and Liu Qian did wonderful jobs in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Now many people are crazy about these two persons. But how much do you know about them?

Xiao Shenyang was born in a poor peasant family which is in difficult family conditions. His real name is Shen He. He is an actor. He is good at Er Ren Zhuan. He learned acts, following Zhao Benshan. During the school life, he was very active in many activities. He looks like a simple man, but he never stops pursuing (追求) his artistic aspiration (渴望). More and more people like his style of performance, and we hope he can make great progress in the future.

Liu Qian is a young magician from Taiwan. At the age of 7, Liu saw a cute magic toy in a shop. At that moment he began to love and decided to learn magic. Liu didn‟t go to any magic school. he practiced tricks every day to improve his skills, until one day he was able to put on a show for his class. He saw the surprise on everyone‟s face, and he felt it was

D.

“Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.”

This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.

We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives.

But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?

Picture this. You‟re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone ring; a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen; the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel?

Inventions have sped up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have to no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps it‟s because they live simpler lives.

One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10, and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones.

The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes.” They boys said they fought

less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a “trendy, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things.”

( ) 1. The writer uses the quote (引语) at the beginning of the story to __________.

A. tell us a truth about our life B. tell us what life was like long time ago

C. point out what caused such a thing to happen D. point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same

( ) 2. In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions ___________.

A. have sped up our lives

C. may make people feel very happy B. have improved the quality of our live D. may bring people some trouble

( ) 3. The family chose to spend some time to a 1940s house because _________.

A. they loved to live simple lives

B. they wanted to know how people lived without modern inventions

C. they were troubled by modern inventions

D. living in a different time would be a lot fun for them

( ) 4. According to the passage, which is NOT right?

A. People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier.

B. An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better.

C. They family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house.

D. With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired.

( ) 5. The passage is mainly about ______________.

A. problems with technology

C. changes happening to technology

E.

It was a normal summer night．Humidity(湿气)hung in the thick air．

I couldn‟t go to sleep，partly because of my cold and partly because of my expectations for the next day．My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a surprise．

Sweat stuck to my aching body．Finally, gathered enough strength to sit up．I looked out of my small window into the night．There was a big bright moon hanging in the sky, giving off a magic light．

I couldn‟t stand the pressure anymore，SO I did what I always do to make myself feel better．I went to the bathroom and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste．I cleaned my teeth as if there was no tomorrow．Back and forth，up and down．

Then I walked downstairs to look for some signs of movement，some life．Gladiator, my cat, frightened me as he meowed(喵喵地唱出)his sad song．He was on t11e old orange couch(长沙发)，sitting up on his front legs，waiting for something to happen．He looked at me as if to say I“I’m lonely, pet me．I need a good hug(紧抱)．”Even the couch begged me to sit on it．

In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch．This couch represented my parents’marriage，my birth，and hundreds of other little events．

As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily．My mind was flooded with questions：What‟s life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiator’s body，I had a new thought；each touch sang a different song．

I forgot all about the heat and the next day’s surprise．The atmosphere was SO full of warmth and silence that I sank B. improvements of our lives with technology D. the importance of technology

into its alms．Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms，I felt all my worries slowly move away．

( )1 The author of the passage could not go to sleep partly because

A it was too cold．

B it was too dry．

C he had a cold．

D he had a fever

（ ）2 What was the weather like that night?

A It was chilly．

B It was windy．

C It was fine．

D It was cloudy．

（ ）3 The author brushed his teeth over and over

A to relieve himself of the pressure．

B to ease his toothache．

C to shake off the cold．

D to remove the dirt．

（ ）4 Gladiator was the name of

A a movie．

B a pet．

C a couch．

D a song．

（ ）5 What did the„„couch‟‟represent?

A A new thought．

B Different songs．

C A comfortable life．

D Happy memories．

A篇 ADCBC

B篇 ACDDC

C篇 1. by himself 2. was very active in many activities 3. (was) surprised 4. a simple man D篇 ADBBA

E篇 CCABD