英语语法专业术语_音标版
英语语法专业术语 音标版
语法 grammar ['græm ə] the rules in a language for
changing the form of words and joining them into sentences
句法 syntax ['sintæks] the way that words and
the basic rules of grammr English g
phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules
词法 morphology [mɔ:'fɔl əd ʒi] the forms of words, studied as a branch of linguistics 结构 structure ['strʌkt ʃə] 层次 rank [ræŋk]
句子 sentence ['sent(ə)ns] 从句 clause [klɔːz] 词组 phrase
词类 part of speech 单词 word
实词 notional word ['nəu ʃən əl]
虚词 structural word ['strʌkt ʃ(ə)r(ə)l] 单纯词simple word
派生词derivative [di'rivətiv, də'riv ətiv] 派生的；引出的
复合词compound ['kɔmpaund,k ɔm'paund]
词性part of speech 名词 noun [naʊn]
专有名词 proper noun ['prɒp ə] 普通名词 common noun
可数名词 countable noun ['kauntəbl] 不可数名词 uncountable noun
抽象名词abstract ['æbstrækt] noun 具体名词 concrete noun ['kɔnkri:t] 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的
物质名词 material noun [mə't ɪər ɪəl] 集体名词 collective noun
个体名词 individual noun [ɪnd ɪ'v ɪdj ʊ(ə)l] preposition [prepə'zi ʃən] a word or group of words,
of grammar for this
such as in, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun
['prəʊna ʊn] to show place, position, time or method
conjunction [kən'd ʒʌŋkʃən] a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’
动词 verb [vɜːb] 主动词 main verb
及物动词 transitive ['træns ɪt ɪv] verb 及物的；过渡的；可迁的
不及物动词 intransitive[in'trænsitiv] verb
系动词 link verb
助动词 auxiliary verb [ɔ:g'ziljəri] 情态动词 modal verb['məʊd(ə)l] 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb
短语动词 phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freizəl] 限定动词 finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词 infinite verb ['infinit] 使役动词 causative verb ['kɔ:zətiv] 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb
感叹词 exclamation [.eksklə'mei ʃən] 形容词 adjective ['æd ʒɪkt ɪv] 副词 adverb ['ædv ɜːb] adverb of manner adverb of degree adverb of time adverb of place adjunct ['æd ʒʌŋ(k)t]
连接性副词 conjunct [kən'd ʒʌŋ(k)t]
疑问副词interrogative adverb [.intə'r ɔg ətiv]
关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun ['prəunaun] 人称代词 personal pronoun
物主代词 possessive pronoun [pə'zesiv] 反身代词 reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv] 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun [ri'siprək əl]
指示代词 demonstrative pronoun [di'mɔnstr ətiv]
疑问代词 interrogative pronoun [.intə'r ɔg ətiv]
关系代词 relative pronoun
不定代词 indefinite pronoun [in'definit, in'defənit]
名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun [.ædʒik'taiv əl] 冠词 article
定冠词 definite article ['definit, 'defənit] 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral ['nju:mər əl]
基数词 cardinal numeral ['kɑ:dinl, 'kɑ:dnəl]
序数词 ordinal numeral ['ɔ:dinəl, 'ɔ:dnəl]
分数词 fractional numeral ['frækʃən əl] 形式 form
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form ['pluər əl, 'plurəl] 限定动词 finite verb form ['fainait]
非限定动词 non-finite verb form [nʌn'finit]
原形 base form 从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause [sə'b ɔ:dineit, sə'b ɔ:dn.eit,sə'b ɔ:dnit]
并列句 coordinate clause [kəu' ɔ:dneit,kəu' ɔ:dnit, kəu' ɔ:dəneit]
名词从句 nominal clause ['nɔmin əl, 'nɔm ən əl]
定语从句 attributive clause [ə'tribjutiv, ə'tribj ətiv]
状语从句 adverbial clause [əd'v ə:biəl] 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause
同位语从句 appositive clause [ə'p ɔzitiv] 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession [kən'se ʃən] 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子 sentence
简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence
并列复合句 compound complex sentence
陈述句 declarative sentence [di'klærətiv] 疑问句 interrogative sentence [.intə'r ɔg ətiv]
一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question
选择疑问句 alternative question [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]
附加疑问句 tag question
反义疑问句 disjunctive question [dis'dʒʌŋktiv]
修辞疑问句 rhetorical question [ri'tɔrik əl]
感叹疑问句 exclamatory question [iks'klæmə.t əri, ik'sklæmə.t əuri]
存在句 existential sentence [.egzis'tenʃəl]
肯定句 positive sentence
基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence [im'perətiv] 省略句 elliptical sentence [i'liptikəl]
感叹句 exclamatory sentence [iks'klæmə.t əri, ik'sklæmə.t əuri] 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject
谓语 predicate ['predikeit,'predikit] 宾语 object
双宾语 dual object ['dju:əl] 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object
同源宾语 cognate object ['kɔg.neit] 补语 complement ['kɔmplim ənt, 'kɔmpl ə.ment,'k ɔmpl əm ənt] 主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative ['pridi.kətiv, 'predi.keitiv] 定语 attribute [ə'tribju:t,'ætribju:t, ə'tribjut,'ætrə.bju:t] 同位语 appositive [ə'p ɔzitiv] 状语 adverbial [əd'v ə:biəl]
句法关系syntactic relationship [sin'tæktik]
并列 coordinate [kəu' ɔ:dneit,kəu' ɔ:dnit, kəu' ɔ:dəneit]
从属 subordination [səb. ɔ:di'neiʃən, səb. ɔ:dən'ei ʃən]
修饰 modification [.mɔdifi'kei ʃən, .mɔd əf ə'kei ʃən]
前置修饰 pre-modification [.mɔdifi'kei ʃən, .mɔd əf ə'kei ʃən]
后置修饰 post-modification [.mɔdifi'kei ʃən, .mɔd əf ə'kei ʃən]
限制 restriction [ri'strikʃən] 双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number
单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form 格 case
普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case
宾格 objective case [əb'd ʒektiv] 性 gender ['dʒend ə]
阳性 masculine ['mæskjulin, 'mæskjəlin] 阴性 feminine ['feminin, 'femənin] 通性 common
中性 neuter ['nju:tə] 人称 person
第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense
过去将来时 past future tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense
现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense
语态 voice
主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood
陈述语气 indicative mood [in'dikətiv] 祈使语气 imperative mood [im'perətiv]
虚拟语气 subjunctive mood [səb'd ʒʌŋktiv]
否定 negation [ni'geiʃən]
否定范围 scope of negation [skəup] 全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation ['pɑ:ʃəl] 转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order
自然语序 natural order
倒装语序 inversion [in'və:ʃən] 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech
自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement
主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement ['predikeit]
语法一致 grammatical agreement [grə'mætikəl]
概念一致 notional agreement ['nəu ʃən əl]
就近原则 principle of proximity [prɔk'simiti, prɔk'sim əti]
强调 emphasis ['emfəsis]
emphasize ['emfəsaiz, 'emfə.saiz] 重复 repetition [.repi'tiʃən] 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone
升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone
降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style
正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English
套语 formulistic expression [fɔ:mju'listik]
英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English
用法 usage
感情色彩 emotional coloring ['kʌl əriŋ] 褒义 commendatory [kə'mend ət əri, kə'mend ə.t əuri]
贬义 derogatory [di'rɔg ət əri, di'rɔg ə.t əuri]
幽默 humorous ['hju:mər əs] 讽刺 sarcastic [sɑ:'kæstik]
挖苦 ironic [ai'rɔnik]
direct object ['ɒbd ʒekt]n. the object that receives the direct action of the verb
In ‘She wrote a letter’, the verb ‘wrote’ is transitive and the word ‘letter’ is the direct object.